《生命科学》 2025, 37(5): 548-557

小麦抗赤霉病的遗传基础与育种应用

李国强^1,2 , 贾海燕^1,2 , 孔忠新^1,2 , 杨　阳^1,2 , 李　娜^1,2 , 谢　全^1,2 , 袁　阳^1,2 , 马正强^1,2,*

¹南京农业大学应用植物基因组学实验室和作物遗传与种质创新利用全国重点 实验室，南京 210095 ²生物育种钟山实验室，南京 210014

摘　要：

赤霉病是全球范围的毁灭性小麦穗部病害，严重威胁小麦生产和食品安全。选育和推广抗赤霉病品种是防治赤霉病最有效的策略。然而由于小麦赤霉病抗性的复杂性，传统抗赤霉病育种进展无法满足小麦产业发展的需求。过去20 多年来，围绕小麦抗赤霉病的遗传基础解析取得了一系列重要成果，并在利用分子育种技术改良小麦赤霉病抗性方面取得了关键突破。本文主要从小麦抗赤霉病种质资源发掘、抗赤霉病QTL 的定位和克隆以及分子育种等方面综述小麦抗赤霉病研究方面的最新进展，并探讨目前存在的问题和未来发展前景。

通讯作者：马正强 , Email:zqm2@njau.edu.cn

Genetic basis of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight and its breeding applications

LI Guo-Qiang^1,2 , JIA Hai-Yan^1,2 , KONG Zhong-Xin^1,2 , YANG Yang^1,2 , LI Na^1,2 , XIE Quan^1,2 , YUAN Yang^1,2 , MA Zheng-Qiang^1,2,*

¹Laboratory of Applied Plant Genomics and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China ²Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014, China

Abstract:

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating wheat spike disease worldwide that poses a serious threat to wheat production and food security. Employment of FHB-resistant cultivars is the most effective approach to control FHB. However, due to the complexity of FHB resistance in wheat, conventional breeding for FHB resistance is not able to meet the needs of wheat industry. Over the past two decades, remarkable  achievements have been made in elucidating the genetic basis underlying wheat FHB resistance, which has led to critical breakthrough in  FHB resistance improvement. In this review, we summarize the latest advancements in exploration of FHB-resistant germplasm resources, characterization of chromosomal loci for the resistance, and marker-based resistance breeding. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects in overcoming wheat FHB.

Communication Author：MA Zheng-Qiang , Email:zqm2@njau.edu.cn