《生命科学》 2025, 37(5): 589-603
大豆抗病毒机制研究进展
摘 要：
大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merr.) 作为全球重要的油料作物和植物蛋白来源，在保障人类粮食安全中发挥着不可替代的作用。然而，随着大豆种植面积的持续扩大及气候变化的不断加剧，大豆生产正面临多种生物与非生物胁迫的严峻挑战，其中病毒病害尤为突出，已成为制约大豆产量和品质提升的关键因素之一，严重威胁全球大豆产业的可持续发展。近年来，大豆病毒病害的发生范围不断扩大、危害程度不断加剧，给农业生产带来了巨大压力。随着高通量测序技术、分子生物学、基因组学及基因工程等前沿技术的快速发展，大豆病毒病害的鉴定、发生和致病机制及大豆抗病毒基因的挖掘与功能解析均取得了显著进展。本文系统综述了大豆主要病毒病害的病原学特征、发生流行及其对大豆生产的危害，并重点介绍了近年来新发大豆症青病毒的鉴定及发生流行特征。同时，深入总结了大豆抗病毒免疫机制的最新研究进展，包括抗病基因的挖掘与功能鉴定、抗病信号通路的分子解析、多组学数据的整合分析，以及基因编辑等前沿生物技术在大豆抗病毒遗传改良中的创新应用。最后，本文展望了未来大豆病毒病害的精准防控策略和抗病育种的发展方向，旨在为大豆产业的可持续发展和病毒病害的高效防控提供理论依据和技术支持。
通讯作者：徐 毅 , Email:xuyiqdpd@njau.edu.cn
Abstract:
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), as a globally important oilseed crop and plant protein source, plays an indispensable role in ensuring human food security. However, with the continuous expansion of soybean cultivation areas and the escalating impacts of climate change, soybean production faces severe challenges from various biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these, viral diseases have become one of the critical factors restricting soybean yield and quality improvement, posing a serious threat to the sustainable development of the global soybean industry. In recent years, soybean viral diseases have exhibited a trend of expanding occurrence range and increasing severity, imposing immense pressure on agricultural production. With the rapid advancement of cutting-edge technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing, molecular biology, genomics, and genetic engineering, significant progress has been made in the identification of soybean viral diseases, understanding their occurrence and pathogenic mechanisms, and in the discovery and functional characterization of soybean antiviral genes. This review aims to summarize the etiological characteristics, epidemiology, and impacts on soybean production of the major viral diseases. It emphasizes the recent outbreak and epidemic features of newly emerged soybean stay-green viruses in soybean. Furthermore, this review will delve into the latest research progress regarding soybean antiviral immunity mechanisms, encompassing the identification and functional validation of resistance genes, the molecular dissection of antiviral signaling pathways, the integrated analysis of multi-omics data, and the innovative application of cutting-edge biotechnologies like gene editing in the genetic improvement for soybean antiviral resistance. Finally, we discuss future directions for the precise management of viral diseases and the development of resistant soybean cultivars, with the aim of providing a theoretical foundation and technological support for the sustainable development of the soybean industry and the effective control of viral diseases.
Communication Author：XU Yi , Email:xuyiqdpd@njau.edu.cn
