《生命科学》 2025, 37(5): 540-547

小麦抗条锈病基础研究和育种——从“有效防控”到“防患未然”

王梦露 , 栗菁菁 , 缑金营^*

中国农业大学，教育部分子设计育种前沿科学中心，北京 100193

摘　要：

条锈病是气传病害，通过大气可以扩散数千公里，从美国到加拿大跨国传播，甚至跨大洲传播，在全世界范围内为小麦生产带来严重挑战，威胁世界粮食安全。过去半世纪以来，大量小麦抗条锈病位点被定位且部分重要的抗病基因被克隆，基础研究为小麦抗条锈病育种提供了有力工具。我国早期条锈病大流行往往造成巨大损失，但在2019 年得到了有效控制，标志着我国条锈病已经进入可实现“有效防控”的阶段。条锈菌不断进化，大量早期有效抗病基因的抗性逐渐丧失，且气候变化为条锈病防控带来大量不确定因素，因此抗条锈病的基础研究和育种工作一刻也不能松懈。幸运的是，小麦基因组的解析加速了抗病基因的克隆，泛基因组研究及野生种质资源的收集和利用丰富了抗病基因来源，基因编辑、智能育种、单倍体育种和快速育种等新兴技术促生了实现小麦抗条锈病研究和育种的新途径。本综述将简要回顾条锈病研究的标志性成果，探讨整合资源促进小麦抗病高产协同改良的策略，讨论小麦抗条锈病基础研究和育种为未来储备、走向“防患未然”的路径。

通讯作者：缑金营 , Email:jygou@cau.edu.cn

Basic research and breeding of wheat stripe rust resistance: from control to prevention

WANG Meng-Lu , LI Jing-Jing , GOU Jin-Ying^*

Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Abstract:

Stripe rust is an airborne disease that can spread  thousands of kilometers through the atmosphere, spreading from the United States to Canada and even  intercontinental, posing a serious challenge to wheat production worldwide and threatening global food  security. Over the past half-century, a wealth of wheat resistance loci against stripe rust have been mapped, and 11 crucial resistance genes have been cloned, providing powerful  tools for wheat breeding against stripe rust. In the early stages, significant stripe rust epidemics in our country often caused considerable losses in China. However, in 2019, effective control was achieved, marking that China has  reached a stage of "effective prevention and control" over stripe rust. The pathogen continues to evolve, and the resistance of many early effective resistance genes is gradually lost; climate change brings much uncertainty to the prevention and control of stripe rust, so the basic research and breeding work of resistance to stripe rust cannot be relaxed momentarily. Fortunately, the decoding of the wheat genome has accelerated the cloning of resistance genes, pan-genome research, and the collection and utilization of wild germplasm resources have enriched the sources of resistance genes, and emerging technologies such as gene editing, intelligent breeding, haploid breeding, and rapid breeding have given birth to new ways of wheat research and breeding against stripe rust. This review will briefly review the symbolic achievements of stripe rust research, discuss strategies to integrate resources to promote the coordinated improvement of wheat resistance and high yield, and discuss the path for wheat basic research and breeding against stripe rust to prepare for the future and move towards "prevention" to meet the future climate change.

Communication Author：GOU Jin-Ying , Email:jygou@cau.edu.cn