《生命科学》 2025, 37(5): 477-489

植物抗病基因调控机制研究进展

孙碧莹 , 杨雷云^* , 董莎萌^*

南京农业大学，南京 210095

摘　要：

植物在与病原菌长期的协同进化中形成了一套高效抵御病原菌侵染的免疫系统。抗病基因是植物免疫系统中的关键组分，其表达与活性的精准调控对植物抗病、生长与发育至关重要，也是近年来植物免疫研究领域的热点之一。本文重点围绕植物抗病基因表达与活性的调控机制，从转录因子与顺式作用元件、表观遗传修饰、mRNA 的选择性剪切和选择性多聚腺苷酸化、sRNA 介导的沉默，以及蛋白质泛素化和磷酸化等转录水平、转录后水平以及蛋白质水平上总结了抗病基因调控机制的研究进展，并对未来作物抗病基因的调控设计与改良提出了展望。

通讯作者：杨雷云 , Email:lyyang@njau.edu.cn 董莎萌 , Email:smdong@njau.edu.cn

Advances in regulatory mechanisms of plant resistance genes

SUN Bi-Ying , YANG Lei-Yun^* , DONG Suo-Meng^*

Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Abstract:

Plants are constantly threatened by various pathogens, which poses serious challenges to agricultural development and production. One of the most effective and sustainable strategies for managing plant diseases is the use of resistance (R) genes in breeding resistant plants. The development of broad-spectrum and durable resistant  crop varieties depends on the identification of R genes and the understanding of disease resistance mechanisms. Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the mode of action of these R genes. R genes are regulated at multiple levels and this intricate regulation plays a crucial role in balancing plant growth and immunity. This article delves into the regulatory mechanisms of plant R genes at the DNA, RNA and protein levels. Additionally, it offers perspectives and valuable insights into future engineering and application of the R genes in  breeding new resistant varieties.

Communication Author：YANG Lei-Yun , Email:lyyang@njau.edu.cn DONG Suo-Meng , Email:smdong@njau.edu.cn