《生命科学》 2009, 21(4): 589-592

再谈“有希望的怪物”

李启剑，李　越*

（中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所 南京 210008）

摘　要：摘　要：1933年，遗传学家Goldschmidt提出“有希望的怪物”假说，以解释宏演化(macroevolution)中有别于“达尔文式”的演化机制。近年来，有关内共生和基因倍增等进展表明，“有希望的怪物”在自然界中其实非常普遍。这虽然与“现代综合进化论”的观点不甚一致，但却能在经典达尔文主义找到契合点：作为自然选择的补充，“有希望的怪物”可以为宏演化提供一种潜在的候选机制。这种建立在多元论基础上的进化观是达尔文留给后人最宝贵的遗产。
关键词：有希望的怪物；达尔文主义；内共生；基因倍增

Hopeful monsters revisited

LI Qi-jian， LI Yue*

Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology， the Chinese Academy of Sciences， Nanjing 210008， China

Abstract: Abstract: Geneticist Richard Goldschmidt hypothesized that macroevolution proceeded by the succeed of "hopeful monsters" in 1933， which was a kind of mechanism that was different from Darwinian mechanism? With the latest development of endosymbiosis and gene duplication， more and more evidences show  that there are a large amount of "hopeful monsters" in nature. This would be a challenge to modern synthetic evolution theory， but consistent with classical Darwinism to some extents: the hopeful monsters hypothesis， as a supplement of "natural selection" can provide a potential candidate mechanism of macroevolution. This view of evolution on the basis of polyphyletic theory is the most important legacy of Darwin.
Key words: hopeful monster; Darwinism; endosymbiosis; gene duplication