《生命科学》 2025, 37(12): 1707-1719

小细胞外囊泡在代谢相关脂肪性肝病发病机制中的研究进展

蒋　鹏 , 刘　涵 , 傅小珊 , 张书勤 , 刘学超 , 丁伶伶^*

江苏大学医学院生理教研室，镇江 212013

摘　要：

代谢相关脂肪性肝病影响全球超过三分之一的人口，其中5%~10% 的患者会进展为晚期肝病，包括非酒精性脂肪性肝炎或代谢相关脂肪性肝炎、肝硬化及肝细胞癌。目前临床上缺乏针对代谢相关脂肪性肝病的无创诊断标志物和有效治疗药物。因此，阐明其病因机制对开发有效疗法和诊断手段至关重要。小细胞外囊泡在代谢相关脂肪性肝病发生发展的生理病理过程中发挥多重作用，但目前领域内针对其参与代谢相关脂肪性肝病的具体病理机制仍缺乏共识。本文系统整合相关研究，从脂代谢调控、肝脏炎症及纤维化形成三个方面阐述小细胞外囊泡在代谢相关脂肪性肝病发病机制中的核心作用。

通讯作者：丁伶伶 , Email:l.ding@ujs.edu.cn

Research progress on the role of sEV in the pathogenesis of MAFLD

JIANG Peng , LIU Han , FU Xiao-Shan , ZHANG Shu-Qin , LIU Xue-Chao , DING Ling-Ling^*

Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Abstract:

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects over one-third of the global population, with 5%-10% of patients progressing to advanced liver diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or metabolicassociated steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, in clinical practice there lacks both non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers and effective pharmacotherapies specifically targeting MAFLD. Therefore, elucidating its etiopathogenesis is critical for developing targeted therapeutics and diagnostic modalities. Small extracellular vesicle (sEV) plays multifaceted roles in the pathophysiology of MAFLD onset and progression. However, consensus regarding their pathomechanisms in MAFLD remains elusive in the field. This review systematically consolidates current evidence to delineate the central role of sEV in MAFLD pathogenesis through three interconnected pathways: lipid homeostasis, hepatic inflammation, and fibrogenesis.

Communication Author：DING Ling-Ling , Email:l.ding@ujs.edu.cn