《生命科学》 2025, 37(9): 1118-1124

tsRNA：一种新的肿瘤标志物

舒　慧 , 刘亚云 , 徐　青 , 盛德乔^* , 杨　轶^*

肿瘤微环境与免疫治疗湖北省重点实验室，三峡大学基础医学院，宜昌 443002

摘　要：

tsRNAs 是由tRNA 特异切割产生的一类具有调控功能的非编码小RNA 分子。随着高通量测序技术的发展，人们发现tsRNAs 具有重要的生物学功能，包括RNA 沉默、翻译调控、抑制细胞凋亡、表观遗传调控和细胞间通讯等。近年来的研究表明，tsRNAs 在肿瘤发生中至关重要，影响恶性肿瘤的增殖、侵袭转移、肿瘤耐药、细胞凋亡、肿瘤代谢重编程等生物学行为。此外，tsRNAs 可以以游离或细胞外囊泡的形式大量而稳定地存在于各种体液中，从而影响肿瘤微环境中的细胞间通讯。tsRNAs 不仅是一类新的肿瘤标志物，也是潜在的治疗靶点。本文综述了tsRNAs 的产生、分类、生物学功能以及在肿瘤中的作用及机制，为癌症的早期诊断和靶向治疗提供新策略。

通讯作者：盛德乔 , Email:shengdq@ctgu.edu.cn 杨　轶 , Email:yangyi1@ctgu.edu.cn

tsRNA: a novel tumor biomarker

SHU Hui , LIU Ya-Yun , XU Qing , SHENG De-Qiao^* , YANG Yi^*

Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China

Abstract:

tsRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that exhibit regulatory functions, resulting from  the specific cleavage of tRNAs. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have revealed that tsRNAs possess significant biological roles, including RNA  silencing, translation regulation, inhibition of apoptosis, epigenetic regulation, and intercellular communication. Recent research indicates that tsRNAs are crucial in tumorigenesis, influencing various biological behaviors  such as malignant proliferation, invasion and metastasis,  tumor resistance, apoptosis, and the reprogramming of  tumor metabolism. Moreover, tsRNAs are found   abundantly and stably in various bodily fluids, either as free molecules or within extracellular vesicles, thus impacting intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, tsRNAs serve not only as novel tumor biomarkers but also as potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to summarize the generation, classification, biological functions, roles and mechanisms of tsRNAs in tumors, potentially providing new strategies for the early diagnosis and targeted therapy in oncology.

Communication Author：SHENG De-Qiao , Email:shengdq@ctgu.edu.cn YANG Yi , Email:yangyi1@ctgu.edu.cn