《生命科学》 2025, 37(8): 1031-1040

无细胞合成生物学在生物医学领域的应用研究进展

郭意瑶¹ , 黄曙惠¹ , 刘晚秋¹ , 李　健^1,2,3,*

¹上海科技大学物质科学与技术学院，上海 201210 ²上海科技大学先进医用材料与 医疗器械全国重点实验室，上海 201210 ³上海临床研究中心，上海 201210

摘　要：

无细胞合成生物学是无细胞体系与多学科交叉融合形成的新兴生物技术，其在蛋白质表达、高值化合物合成、生物传感器设计、人工细胞构建以及生物医学等领域都展现出了广阔的应用前景。其中，无细胞蛋白质合成(cell-free protein synthesis, CFPS) 体系是一种高效且强大的蛋白质表达平台，利用细胞裂解液中包含的转录翻译元件，实现蛋白质的体外快速合成。无细胞蛋白质合成具有反应体系开放、条件易调控、表达时间短、蛋白质产量高等优点，已广泛应用于各类难表达蛋白的合成，包括药物蛋白( 如抗体、疫苗等)、膜蛋白、金属蛋白以及非天然蛋白等。该文综述了无细胞合成生物学特别是无细胞蛋白质表达体系在生物医学中的研究及应用进展，并展望了无细胞体系在生命医药及健康领域的应用前景。

通讯作者：李　健 , Email:lijian@shanghaitech.edu.cn

Research progress on cell-free synthetic biology in biomedical applications

GUO Yi-Yao¹ , HUANG Shu-Hui¹ , LIU Wan-Qiu¹ , LI Jian^1,2,3,*

¹School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China ²State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, Ch ³Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China

Abstract:

Cell-free synthetic biology is an emerging biotechnology formed through the integration of cell-free systems and multiple disciplines. It has shown broad applications in the fields such as protein expression, high-value compound synthesis, biosensor design, artificial cell construction, and biomedicine. Among these, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system is an efficient and powerful platform for protein expression. By utilizing the transcriptiontranslation components in cell lysates, proteins can be rapidly synthesized in vitro. CFPS offers many advantages such as an open reaction system, easily controllable conditions, short expression time, and high protein yield. It has been widely applied in the synthesis of various difficult-to-express proteins, including therapeutic proteins (e.g., antibodies and vaccines), membrane proteins, metalloproteins, and non-natural proteins. This review summarizes the research and application progress of cell-free synthetic biology, particularly the CFPS systems in biomedicine, and envisions the application prospects of cell-free systems in the fields of life science, medicine, and health.

Communication Author：LI Jian , Email:lijian@shanghaitech.edu.cn