《生命科学》 2025, 37(8): 972-982

工程化免疫细胞膜及外泌体在肺癌治疗中的应用

蒋莎莎¹ , 戚　彩² , 李仕林^3,4 , 李庆华^1,* , 刘　颖^3,*

¹中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九九〇医院胸外科，驻马店 463000 ²首都医科大学附属北京佑安医 院超声科，北京 100069 ³国家纳米科学中心，北京 100190 ⁴中国科学院大学，北京 1

摘　要：

肺癌发病率和死亡率居高不下，以免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs) 为代表的免疫治疗开启了肺癌治疗新阶段，但肿瘤微环境的复杂性和异质性限制了疗效。免疫细胞作为免疫系统核心，在肺癌治疗中展现出巨大潜力。合成生物学的进步为免疫细胞及外泌体改造提供了新策略，为肺癌治疗带来新机遇。本文重点综述合成生物学如何改造免疫细胞膜及其在肺癌治疗中的研究与临床应用，探讨外泌体工程改造在肺癌治疗中的潜力，并分析工程化免疫细胞及外泌体的潜在风险、发展方向和从实验室到临床应用的挑战。

通讯作者：李庆华 , Email:liqinghua159@sina.com 刘　颖 , Email:liuy@nanoctr.cn

Application of synthetic biology to modify immune cell membrane and their exosomes in the treatment of lung cancer

JIANG Sha-Sha¹ , QI Cai² , LI Shi-Lin^3,4 , LI Qing-Hua^1,* , LIU Ying^3,*

¹The Jointservice Support Force No. 990th Hospital of PLA, Zhumadian 463000, China ²Department of Ultrasound, Beijing You 'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China ³National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China ⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract:

The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer remain alarmingly high. Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has marked a new phase in lung cancer treatment. However, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and its high heterogeneity limit the therapeutic efficacy. As a core component of the immune system, immune cells demonstrate great potential in lung cancer therapy. Advances in synthetic biology have introduced new strategies for engineering immune cells and their exosomes, offering novel opportunities for lung cancer treatment. This paper focuses on reviewing the application of synthetic biology in engineering immune cell membranes and their research and clinical applications in lung cancer treatment. It further explores the potential of exosome engineering in lung cancer therapy and analyzes the potential risks, future directions, and challenges in translating engineered immune cells and exosomes from the laboratory to clinical applications. 

Communication Author：LI Qing-Hua , Email:liqinghua159@sina.com LIU Ying , Email:liuy@nanoctr.cn