《生命科学》 2025, 37(7): 755-763
真核生物RNA聚合酶II/III转录起始动态过程研究进展
摘 要：
转录是基因表达调控的首要环节，其调控机制是多细胞发育和应对环境变化的基础。目前研究主要聚焦于RNA 聚合酶在启动子区域的募集过程，强调其在转录调控中的重要作用。然而，近年来的研究表明，对多数启动子而言，转录起始之后的步骤，尤其是从RNA 聚合酶募集到稳定进入延伸阶段的过渡过程，往往才是限制转录效率的关键。这一转变过程涉及一系列动态分子事件，包括RNA 聚合酶和转录因子的构象重排、转录泡的动态调节，以及启动子逃逸等，并在不同启动子及不同物种之间呈现出高度的异质性。本文系统综述了近期关于真核生物RNA 聚合酶II 和III 转录动态过程的研究进展，重点比较二者在转录前起始复合物组装、转录起始和转录起始向延伸转变等方面的异同，旨在为深入理解真核生物转录调控的动态本质提供全新视角。
通讯作者：徐彦辉 , Email:xuyh@fudan.edu.cn
Abstract:
Transcription is the primary step of gene expression regulation and serves as the foundation for multicellular development and environmental adaptation. Current research has primarily focused on the recruitment of RNA polymerase to core promoters, emphasizing its crucial role in transcriptional regulation. However, recent studies have revealed that for most promoters, post-initiation steps, particularly the transition from RNA polymerase recruitment to stable elongation, are often the rate-limiting determinants of transcriptional efficiency. This transition involves a series of dynamic molecular events, including conformational rearrangements of RNA polymerases and transcription factors, dynamic regulation of the transcription bubble, and promoter escape, exhibiting high heterogeneity across different promoters and species. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the study of transcription dynamics mediated by eukaryotic RNA polymerase II and III, with a focus on comparing their differences in pre-initiation complex assembly, transcription initiation, and the transition from initiation to elongation. The aim is to provide new insights into the dynamic nature of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes.
Communication Author：XU Yan-Hui , Email:xuyh@fudan.edu.cn
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