《生命科学》 2025, 37(6): 635-644

维管植物的水力学与气孔调控研究进展

龚　磊^1,2,* , 杨石建³ , 刘瑞瑞^1,2 , 化　烨^1,2 , 张亚云^1,2 , 王智威^1,2

¹陇东学院农业与生物工程学院，庆阳 745000 ²甘肃省陇东生物资源保护利用与生态 修复重点实验室，庆阳 745000 ³云南大学生态与环境学院，昆明 650500

摘　要：

水分是植物生长发育过程中最重要的物质之一，植物从水生到陆生过程中进化出了维管组织，维管植物的水分吸收运输是水分研究中的一个重要方向。本文结合植物水力学的近期研究，综述了根压在根系水分吸收过程中的作用和机理、木质部水力性状研究、气孔对水分利用的调控机制。同时，就当前的研究热点和成果对水分运输研究提出一些问题：干旱胁迫下脱落酸介导的根系水分吸收是否在维管植物中渐变进化出来，根压测量过程中容易忽略的问题，木质部栓塞的形成与修复机制，水导效率与安全性的权衡问题，气孔的主动调控和被动调控的分化，非叶片特殊组织上气孔的调控方式。最后，针对植物体内水分运输和气孔调控研究过程中的挑战和以后的工作提出了新的问题，如植物如何响应水分有效性的空间差异，干旱和复水的变化如何影响植物的不同组织和细胞。这些生物物理信号如何转化为化学信号，进而诱导脱落酸反应或其他激素信号通路，仍有待研究。

通讯作者：龚　磊 , Email:GL888168@163.com

Research progress on hydraulics and stomatal regulation in vascular plants

GONG Lei^1,2,* , YANG Shi-Jian³ , LIU Rui-Rui^1,2 , HUA Ye^1,2 , ZHANG Ya-Yun^1,2 , Wang Zhi-Wei^1,2

¹School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China ²Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, Qingyang 745000, China ³College of Ecology & Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China

Abstract:

Water is one of the most important substances in plant growth and development. The evolution of vascular tissues was a key adaptation enabling plants to thrive on land, and understanding water absorption and transport in these tissues remains a critical area of research. This review synthesizes recent advances in plant hydraulics, focusing on the role and mechanisms of root pressure in water uptake, the hydraulic properties of xylem, and stomatal regulation of water use efficiency. At the same time, we put forward some key questions of water transport arising from current research hotspots and achievements, including: whether abscisic acid mediated root water absorption evolves gradually within vascular plants under drought stress; critical  considerations for accurate root pressure measurement; mechanisms of xylem embolism formation and repair, and the trade-off between hydraulic conductivity and safety; the differentiation of active and passive stomatal control, particularly in non-leave special tissues. Finally, we highlight current challenges and future research directions, emphasizing how plants respond to spatial heterogeneity in water availability and how changes of drought and rehydration impact different tissues and cells. How these biophysical signals are converted into chemical signals to induce abscisic acid or other hormone signaling pathway remains to be studied.

Communication Author：GONG Lei , Email:GL888168@163.com