《生命科学》 2024, 36(10): 1240-1249

藻类和陆生植物中光合产物的运输对光合作用的调控机制

黄伟超^* , 毕永红

中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉 430072

摘　要：

光合生物通过光合作用的光反应将光能转化为化学能(NADPH 和ATP)，通过暗反应将大气中的二氧化碳同化，生成有机碳水化合物。光合产物( 包括能量与有机碳) 从叶绿体向胞质的运输是细胞内物质能量代谢的关键环节，使叶绿体和其他细胞区室间建立起关联关系，并对光合效率以及物质能量分配具有调控作用。本文从叶绿体光合产物的分子运输机制的角度，介绍光合电子传递速率、中心碳代谢以及胞内氧化还原态调控机制的研究进展，同时深入探讨了藻类和陆生植物通过调控光合产物运输适应多变自然环境的机制。然而，在光合细胞中，叶绿体被膜转运体的转运特性以及不同转运体是如何相互协作调控光合效率以及胞内代谢平衡仍有待深入研究。这些研究为定向编程叶绿体和胞质代谢流、提升光合效率提供了基础和元件。

通讯作者：黄伟超 , Email:huangwc@ihb.ac.cn

Control of photosynthesis by photoassimilate trafficking in algae and land plants

HUANG Wei-Chao^* , BI Yong-Hong

Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China

Abstract:

Through photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms convert solar energy into chemical energy (NADPH and ATP), which is then used to build carbohydrate molecules. Exporting photoassimilates from chloroplast is essential for the metabolic exchange between chloroplast and the rest of the intracellular places. In our review, we focused on the roles of photoassimilate trafficking in control of the photosynthetic electron flow, partitioning of central carbon metabolism, and cellular redox balance. Moreover, we discussed the acclimation mechanisms in vascular plants and microalgae to thrive in changing environments, which are driven by the chloroplast carbon/reductant trafficking system. However, further investigation is required to assess the catalytic features of chloroplast transporters involved in photoassimilate trafficking and how they are regulated and interact to ensure robust metabolism under dynamic environmental conditions.

Communication Author：HUANG Wei-Chao , Email:huangwc@ihb.ac.cn