《生命科学》 2024, 36(8): 1089-1097
应激颗粒在心脑血管疾病、肿瘤和神经退行性疾病中的研究进展
摘 要：
蛋白质的合成是真核细胞中最精密复杂的生命活动之一。真核生物响应环境胁迫的一种重要方式是暂缓蛋白质的合成，这个过程的主要调控中心是包裹着大量未完成翻译的mRNA 的应激颗粒。应激颗粒是细胞质中的一种无膜动态聚集物，含有RNA 结合蛋白、mRNA 和翻译起始因子等成分，是细胞适应性调节的重要方式。当细胞受到氧化应激、热休克、紫外线照射及病毒感染等环境刺激时，通过在细胞质中形成动态、可逆的致密颗粒物即应激颗粒，用于减少应激相关损伤并促进细胞存活。但最近的研究表明，持续和异常的应激颗粒形成与各种疾病的发生发展有关。虽然目前对于应激颗粒的成分、形成及解聚的研究日趋增多，但其与疾病的相关性和具体机制尚不明确。因此，本文对应激颗粒与心脑血管疾病、肿瘤及神经退行性疾病的关系予以综述。
通讯作者：林 蓉 , Email:linrong@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
Abstract:
Protein synthesis is one of the most complex biological processes in eukaryotic cells. One important way that eukaryotes respond to environmental stresses is to delay protein synthesis, and the main regulatory center of this process is the stress granules, which include numerous translationally stalled mRNAs. Stress granules are dynamic, membrane-less cytoplasmic aggregates containing components including RNA-binding proteins, mRNA, and translation initiation factors, serving as crucial mechanisms for cell adaptive regulation. When cells are exposed to environmental stress, such as oxidative stress, heat shock, ultraviolet radiation, and viral infections, they respond by forming dynamic and reversible dense particles known as stress granules in the cytoplasm. These stress granules aim to reduce stress-related damage and promote cell survival. However, recent studies have shown that the formation of persistent and abnormal stress granules is related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. Although there are an increasing number of studies on the composition, formation and depolymerization of stress granules, their correlation with diseases and specific mechanisms remains unclear. Therefore, this paper reviews the relationships between stress granules and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumor and neurodegenerative diseases.
Communication Author：LIN Rong , Email:linrong@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
