《生命科学》 2024, 36(8): 1020-1029
N-α-乙酰转移酶调控植物生长发育和胁迫响应的最新进展
摘 要：
N- 末端乙酰化作为一种古老且保守的蛋白质修饰方式，存在于生命活动的各个领域。参与这种修饰的蛋白质主要定位于细胞质(80%)，少数分布于细胞膜和植物的质体上(20%)。这种修饰能够影响蛋白质的三维结构和多种生理生化过程，包括蛋白质互作、亚细胞定位、折叠、聚合、分选及稳定性等。在酵母、人类和植物中，催化N- 末端乙酰化的酶主要是5 种定位在细胞质中的N-α-乙酰转移酶(N-α-acetyltransferases, Nats)，且该修饰长期以来被认为是一种蛋白质共翻译修饰。此外，目前已报道在植物细胞质膜和质体定位 的Nats 还介导蛋白质的翻译后修饰。这些差异特征可能有助于植物适应不同的环境，但其生理意义仍是一个谜，特别是对Nats 在植物中的生物学功能和作用机制知之甚少。本文综述了植物Nats 在发育和胁迫应答中的独特作用，及在不同细胞区室中的功能适应性，并对以后的研究工作进行了展望。
通讯作者：刘海卿 , Email:15117162792@163.com
Abstract:
N-terminal acetylation (NTA) is an ancient protein modification conserved throughout all kingdoms of life. N-terminally acetylated proteins are present in the cytosol (80%), and the plasma membrane and plastids of plants (20%). The studies have shown this modification can alter key characteristics of proteins such as their threedimensional structure, and affect a variety of physiological and biochemical processes such as protein interaction, subcellular localization, protein folding and polymerization, sorting and stability, etc. The majority of proteins are acetylated by five ribosome-bound N-terminal acetyltransferases (Nats) in yeast, humans and plants, and NTA has been known as an exclusively co-translational process in eukaryotes. The recent characterization of posttranslationally acting plant Nats, which localize to the plasma membrane and the plastids, has challenged this view. These distinctive features of the plant Nats machinery might constitute adaptations to the environment of plants. But its significance is still enigmatic, and little is known about the biological functions of Nats in plants, especially. This review sheds light on the unique role of plant Nats in the development and stress responses as well as their adaptation to function in different cellular compartments, and the prospect of future research work is put forward.
Communication Author：LIU Hai-Qing , Email:15117162792@163.com
