《生命科学》 2024, 36(2): 235-244

运动性血管适应及其血流动力学机制研究进展

孙华灵¹ , 张严焱^1,2,3 , 石丽君^1,2,3,*

¹北京体育大学运动生理学教研室，北京 100084 ²国家体育总局运动应激适应重点实验室， 北京 100084 ³北京体育大学运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室，北京 100084

摘　要：

运动对于人类脉管系统具有深远的影响，是维持血管健康的重要因素。运动产生的血流动力学刺激直接影响血管结构与功能，而长期运动引起的结构重塑可能抵消短期运动对血管舒张功能的改善，使二者产生时程差异，但其机制尚未明确。运动产生的血流动力学刺激主要为切应力和周向应力两种，血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞可以将机械刺激转化为化学信号，进而影响细胞表面的离子通道，改变转录因子和有关基因的激活，并发生适应性变化。该文基于血管结构与功能对运动的适应及其血流动力学机制进行综述，为血管疾病的预防和治疗提供新的思路与策略。

通讯作者：石丽君 , Email:shilj@bsu.edu.cn

Progress in exercise-induced vascular adaptation and its hemodynamic mechanism

SUN Hua-Ling¹ , ZHANG Yan-Yan^1,2,3 , SHI Li-Jun^1,2,3,*

¹Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China ²Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China ³Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China

Abstract:

Physical activity is one of the most crucial factors influencing the human vascular system. The structure and function of blood arteries are directly impacted by exercise-induced hemodynamic stimulation. According to studies, exercise training causes quick alterations in artery function, which are thereafter overtaken by vascular remodeling. However, it is still unknown what causes the time course of functional and structural vascular adaptations. Shear stress and circumferential stress are the main hemodynamic stimuli generated by exercise. Vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells have the ability to transform mechanical inputs into chemical signals, which can then affect ion channels, alter transcription factors and the activation of relevant genes, and lead to adaptive modifications. This paper reviews the adaptation of vascular structure and function to exercise and its hemodynamic mechanisms based on vascular structure and function to provide new ideas and strategies for preventing and treating vascular diseases.

Communication Author：SHI Li-Jun , Email:shilj@bsu.edu.cn