《生命科学》 2022, 34(9): 1155-1167

哺乳动物细胞氨基酸转运体及胞内感受机制研究进展

陆心月¹ , 郑　旭^1,2 , 王志钢¹ , 吴晓彤^1,*

¹内蒙古大学生命科学学院，呼和浩特 010070 ²呼伦贝尔市人民医院，海拉尔 021008

摘　要：

氨基酸作为生物体的关键营养素和代谢物，除了直接参与蛋白质等大分子物质的合成，还能通过激活哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, mTORC1) 以及一般性调控阻遏蛋白激酶2 (general control nonderepressible 2, GCN2) 等信号通路，参与细胞生长、分化和代谢调控。外源氨基酸在氨基酸转运体的介导下进入细胞，通过胞内氨基酸感受器发挥信号分子的作用。近年来，随着胞内感受器的不断发现，不同氨基酸的感受机制也逐渐被认识。本文综述了哺乳动物细胞的氨基酸跨膜转运体以及胞内氨基酸信号感受机制的最新研究进展，为进一步优化氨基酸营养配比、提高氨基酸在体内利用效率提供参考。

通讯作者：吴晓彤 , Email:wxt67@126.com

Progress on amino acid transporters and intracellular sensing mechanisms in mammalian cells

LU Xin-Yue¹ , ZHENG Xu^1,2 , WANG Zhi-Gang¹ , WU Xiao-Tong^1,*

¹School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China ²Clinical Laboratory, Hulunbuir People’s Hospital, Hailar 021008, China

Abstract:

Amino acids are key nutrients and metabolites in various organisms. In addition to serving as the building blocks for protein synthesis, amino acids are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism by activating mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) and GCN2 (general control nonderepressible 2) signaling pathways. The cellular uptakes of exogenous amino acids are mediated by amino acid transporters, and then amino acids serve as signaling molecules through intracellular sensors. In recent years, the sensing mechanisms of amino acids have been revealed with the discovery of many more intracellular amino acid sensors. The article reviews the transmembrane amino acid transporters and the sensing mechanisms of intracellular amino acids in mammalian cells to provide references for further optimizing animal nutrition and improving the utilization efficiency of amino acids in vivo.

Communication Author：WU Xiao-Tong , Email:wxt67@126.com