《生命科学》 2020, 32(3): 212-218

成年哺乳类中枢神经系统内源性神经发生——新的希望

杨朝阳，李晓光*

(首都医科大学基础医学院神经生物学系，北京 100069)

摘　要：

摘　要：过去的几十年里，研究人员在成年哺乳类的脑中观察到了新生的神经元及神经发生的过程，在破译成年神经发生的机制方面取得了巨大进步。阐明涉及成年神经发生的过程及其调节机制可进一步了解成年神经发生与神经和精神疾病以及脑或脊髓损伤之间的关系。因此，深度解析神经干细胞特性及其活动方式的调节规律，将有助于揭示影响成年神经发生的内因和外部小生态。该文综述了成人内源性神经发生的最新进展，神经干细胞的异质性，神经干细胞的静止和激活状态之间的平衡，影响神经干细胞命运的内外因素，神经干细胞的老化和复壮，以及激活成年内源性神经发生修复脊髓损伤的最新进展。

Adult mammalian CNS endogenous neurogenesis—new hope

YANG Chao-Yang， LI Xiao-Guang*

(Department of Neurobiology， School of Basic Medical Sciences， Capital Medical University， Beijing 100069， China)

Abstract:

Abstract: In the past few decades， researchers have observed newborn neurons and neurogenesis in the brains of adult mammals， and have made great progress in deciphering the mechanisms of adult neurogenesis. Elucidating the processes involved in adult neurogenesis and their regulatory mechanisms can further understand the relationship between adult neurogenesis and neurological and psychiatric disorders as well as brain or spinal cord injury. Therefore， an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of neural stem cells and the regulation of their activities will help reveal the internal and external niches that affect adult neurogenesis. This article reviews recent advances in adult endogenous neurogenesis， the heterogeneity of neural stem cells， the balance between dormant and activated states of neural stem cells， internal and external factors affecting the fate of neural stem cells， the aging and rehabilitation of neural stem cells， and the recent advances in endogenous neurogenesis to repair adult spinal cord injury.