《生命科学》 2019, 31(7): 739-747

动植物高质量基因组的获取及其主要应用

霍冬敖1，王跃斌2*，陈庆富1*

(1 贵州师范大学荞麦产业技术研究中心，贵阳 550001；2 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院，武汉 430070)

摘　要：摘　要：自国际千人基因组计划实施以来，伴随着测序技术的发展和成本的下降，几乎所有重要的动植物都拥有了参考基因组以及全基因组重测序数据。针对二代和三代测序技术产生的海量数据，准确和高效的组装是获得高质量基因组的关键。对于重复序列较多、杂合性较高的复杂基因组的组装尤其具有挑战性，基因组从头组装算法不断被更新，联合组装策略正在发挥强大优势。高质量的基因组不仅能提高精细定位效率，还能提高全基因组关联分析的准确性和精度，为动植物复杂性状的遗传机制解析奠定基础。同时，高质量的基因组对于比较基因组以及泛基因组的研究都具有重要的推动作用。

Acquisition of high quality genomes of animals and plants and    their main applications

HUO Dong-Ao1， WANG Yue-Bin2*， CHEN Qing-Fu1*

(1 Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology， Guizhou Normal University， Guiyang 550001， China; 2 College of Plant Science & Technology， Huazhong Agriculture University， Wuhan 430070， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Since the implementation of the International Thousand Human Genome Project， almost all important plants and animals have attained reference genomes and genome-wide resequencing data with the development of sequencing technology and the decrease in sequencing costs. Accurate and efficient assembly of the vast amounts of data generated by second- and third-generation sequencing technologies is the key to acquire high-quality genomes. The assembly of complex genomes with more repeats and higher heterozygosity rate is particularly challenging. The genome de novo assembly algorithm is constantly being updated， and the joint assembly strategy is showing strong advantages. High-quality genomes not only improve the efficiency of fine mapping， but also improve the accuracy and precision of genome-wide association analysis， thus laying the foundation for the genetic dissection of complex traits of plants and animals. Meanwhile， high-quality genomes would promote the study of comparative genomics and pan-genomics.