《生命科学》 2017, 29(10): 934-938
摘 要：摘 要：DNA 甲基化是生命体最主要的表观遗传修饰之一。哺乳动物DNA 甲基化主要发生在胞嘧啶第五位碳原子上，称为5- 甲基胞嘧啶(5-methylcytosine， 5mC)。哺乳动物DNA 甲基化由从头DNA 甲基转移酶DNMT3A/3B 在胚胎发育早期建立，甲基化模式的维持由DNA 甲基转移酶DNMT1 实现。TET 家族蛋白氧化5- 甲基胞嘧啶起始DNA 的去甲基化过程。这些DNA 甲基化修饰酶精确调节DNA 甲基化的动态过程，在整个生命发育过程中发挥重要作用，其失调也与多种疾病发生密切相关。现结合国内外同行研究进展，介绍课题组近年来对DNA 甲基化修饰酶的结构与功能研究。
Abstract: Abstract: DNA methylation is one of the key epigenetic modifications and mainly occurs at the carbon 5 position of cytosine (5-methylcytosine， 5mC). Mammalian DNA methylation is established by de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A/3B in early embryonic development. The patterns of methylation are propagated to daughter cells by maintenance DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 during replication. TET proteins oxidize 5mC into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)， 5-formylcytosine (5fC)， and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC)， and initiate DNA demethylation. These proteins play essential roles in various biological processes during development and their dysregulation is involved in many pathological processes. Here， we summarized structural and functional studies of these enzymes.
