《生命科学》 2017, 29(9): 883-890
摘 要：摘 要：巨噬细胞是固有免疫的重要成员，在机体防御病原微生物感染、肿瘤、过敏性疾病、代谢类疾病、组织损伤修复等发生发展过程中发挥着极其重要的作用。在微环境，尤其是多种细胞因子的影响下，巨噬细胞极化成M1/M2 型巨噬细胞，表达相应的特异性基因，行使不同的功能。M1 型巨噬细胞主要发挥促炎、杀菌及呈递抗原的功能，M2 型巨噬细胞主要起抑炎、抗寄生虫感染和组织修复的作用。现总结人们对巨噬细胞极化的认识过程、M2 型巨噬细胞的分类和其形成过程中起重要调控作用的信号分子，并着重讨论M2 型巨噬细胞在相关疾病中的功能。
Abstract: Abstract: Macrophages are essential in innate immunity and play a significant role in host defense against infection， tumor， metabolic syndrome， asthma， and tissue repair. Macrophages are affected by the local microenvironment during the development of these diseases， and could polarize into M1 or M2 macrophages， which express different genes and reach distinct functional state. M1 macrophages are crucial for pro-inflammation， clearance of pathogen and antigen-presentation， while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammation， anti-parasite and promoting tissue repair. In this review， we summarize the current understanding about macrophage polarization， the key signaling proteins that regulate M2 macrophage polarization and function and discuss the role of M2 macrophage in the related diseases.
