《生命科学》 2014, 26(10): 1018-1025
摘 要：摘 要：抗原处理相关转运体(transporter associated with antigen processing， TAP) 蛋白在抗原提呈途径中发挥重要作用，它负责将内源性抗原从胞浆运送到内质网(endoplasmic reticulum， ER)，以便主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex， MHC) I 结合多肽。TAP 属于ATP 结合盒(ATP-binding cassette， ABC)转运蛋白超家族B 族，是由TAP1 和TAP2 两个亚基构成的异二聚体蛋白，其每个亚基各含有一个亲水的核酸结合区和一个疏水的跨膜结构域，并具有促进肽段转运的结构域。TAP 参与MHC I 类分子的组装，并在人获得性免疫系统中起着至关重要的作用。TAP 基因具有多态性，因而增加了个体对疾病的易感性。TAP 基因的突变及其调节机制的缺陷都可以导致其活性和表达下调，从而影响病毒性感染和肿瘤等疾病的发生。
Abstract: Abstract：Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) protein plays a crucial role in antigen presenting pathway by transporting endogenous antigens from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum， so that the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules can bind the endogenous peptides. TAP is one of the B superfamily members in the ATP-binding cassette (ABC)， and it is a heterodimer formed by the association of two half-transporters， TAP1 and TAP2， and each of them consists of a hydrophilic nucleotide binding domain and a hydrophobic transmembrane domain， in which there are specific structural domains in favor of transporting peptides. TAP molecules participate in the assembly of MHC class I molecules， therefore they play vital roles in the acquired immune system. Since the TAP genes are polymorphic， they will increase the susceptibility to disease for individuals. The mutation or defect of TAP genes in regulatory mechanisms can lead to their reduced activity and low expression， and eventually affect the incidence of diseases， such as viral infection and tumor.
