《生命科学》 2014, 26(9): 974-978

甲基苯丙胺的急性和慢性作用机理的研究进展

卫星辰，周小爽，徐嘉珂，白　洁*

(昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院，昆明 650500)

摘　要：甲基苯丙胺是一种被广泛使用的神经兴奋剂，它可以使人兴奋，产生欣快感并引起幻觉。这主要是因为脑内的多巴胺和5- 羟色胺急剧大量增加所致。长期使用甲基苯丙胺，会对多巴胺和5- 羟色胺神经末梢产生持续性的损伤。甲基苯丙胺毒性机理包括兴奋性毒性、线粒体损伤、氧化应激、代谢改变以及炎症反应等，这些均会造成神经末梢损伤。综述了甲基苯丙胺造成神经末梢急性和慢性损伤的机制。

Progress in mechanisms on actue and chronic toxicities of methamphetamine

WEI Xing-Chen， ZHOU Xiao-Shuang， XU Jia-Ke， BAI Jie*

(Faculty of Life Science and Technology， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Kunming 650500， China)

Abstract: Methamphetamine is a widely used psychostimulant drug， which makes user feel excitement， euphoria， and hallucination. These symptoms are related with acute increases of dopamine and serotonin. Long term use of methamphetamine results in damage to dopamine and serotonin nerve terminal. Methamphetmine toxicity mechanisms include excitotoxicity， mitochondria damage and oxidative stress， metabolic changes， inflammatory reaction， which are related with nerve terminals. Subsequent to these acute effects， methamphetamine produces persistent damage. This paper reviews damage mechanisms of methamphetamine on nerve terminals.