《生命科学》 2014, 26(5): 503-508

我国优势油脂类生物柴油植物蓖麻的种质资源发掘和生物柴油利用

邱丽俊¹，刘爱忠^2*

(1 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园，昆明 650223； 2 中国科学院昆明植物研究所，昆明 650201)

摘　要：发展可再生生物质能源是解决人类能源危机和环境污染的重要途径。利用边际土地发展油脂类生物质能是生物质能的重要组成部分。蓖麻因为适应性强和油脂成份独特被誉为“理想的生物柴油植物”。蓖麻是我国优势油脂类能源植物，利用边际土地，发展蓖麻产业为我国生物柴油产业化提供原料，是我国现阶段生物柴油产业化发展的相对理想而又现实的选择，而且具有重要的发展前景和巨大的发掘潜力。立足我国现阶段生物柴油产业化的瓶颈问题，着重阐述了蓖麻种质资源发掘的现状、优良品种培育的途径和发展前景，以及利用蓖麻种子油生产商业化生物柴油的现状，以期推动我国利用边际土地发展蓖麻产业以及生物柴油商业化生产。

The germplam exploration of castor bean and its utilization perspective    for biodiesel production in China

QIU Li-Jun¹， LIU Ai-Zhong^2*

(1 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden， Chinese Academy of Science， Kunming 650223， China; 2 Kunming Institute of Botany， Chinese Academy of Science， Kunming 650201， China)

Abstract: Development of renewable biomass energy is an important way to solve energy crisis and environmental pollution. The use of non-food seed oils as feedstock for biodiesel production is an important component part of bioenergy. Plantation of non-food oilseed crops in marginal lands to produce seed oils offers a promise in China. Castor bean is known as “the ideal biodiesel crop” because of its strong adaptability to diverse climatic conditions， different soil types and its unique performance of seed oils for biodiesel production. Planting castor bean in marginal lands to produce seed oils for biodiesel production is， currently， an ideal and realistic option to push the progress of biodiesel industrialization in China. In this paper， we reviewed the availability of castor bean germplasm， the advance of breeding and genetic improvement and the current utilization situation of castor bean seed oils for biodiesel production. In particular， we looked forward to the prospective of planting castor bean in marginal lands and the biodiesel industrialization using castor bean seed oils in China. This review aims to draw more attentions to promote the development of castor bean industry and push eventually the progress of biodiesel industrialization in China.