《生命科学》 2011, 23(4): 394-401

鱼类应激生物学研究与应用

赵建华^1，2，3，杨德国^1，2﹡，陈建武^1，2，朱永久^1，2，李　茜^2，3，冯宪斌^2，3，何勇凤^1，2，吴兴兵^1，2

(1 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心，无锡 214081；2 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所，农业部淡水生物多样性保护与利用重点开放实验室，荆州 434000；3 华中农业大学水产学院，武汉 430070)

摘　要：摘　要：近年来，随着应激医学和动物应激生物学的发展，鱼类应激生物学的研究越来越为人们所关注。该文阐述了应激的概念、鱼类应激的发生及危害，主要从生理、行为方面介绍了目前国内外鱼类应激生物学最新的研究技术和方法，从苗种培育和改良、药物缓解、改善养殖环境、科学管理与规范化操作等方面介绍了相应的缓解措施。文章最后分析了鱼类应激生物学研究存在的问题，并对其发展前景进行了展望，旨在总结鱼类应激生物学的研究状况，为其在水产健康养殖及鱼类保护生物学等方面的研究与应用提供参考。
关键词：鱼类；应激；缓解；应用；生理；行为；监测

Research and application on the biology of fish stress

ZHAO Jian-Hua^1，2，3， YANG De-Guo^1，2*， CHEN Jian-Wu^1，2， ZHU Yong-Jiu^1，2， LI Xi^2，3， FENG Xian-Bin^2，3， HE Yong-Feng^1，2， WU Xing-Bing^1，2

(1 Freshwater Fisheries Research Center， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Wuxi 214081， China; 2 Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization， Ministry of Agriculture of China，Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Jingzhou 434000， China; 3 College of Fisheries， Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Recently， with the development of stress medicine and the biology of animal stress， more and more attention has been paid on the research of the biology of fish stress. In the present study， the concept of stress， the occurrence and compromise of fish stress were expounded， and the recent techniques， methods on physiological， behavioral aspect of both domestic and international studies on fish stress were mainly introduced. We then displayed the mitigation measures including larval rearing and improvement， pharmacologic remission， improvement of cultural environment， scientific management and standardized handling. Finally， problems occurred during the process of the research on fish stress were analyzed in order to present the future prospects. The purpose of this study is to summarize the status of the researches on the biology of fish stress， and to provide basic reference for its research and application in healthy aquaculture and fish conservation biology.
Key words: fish; stress; mitigation; application; physiology; behavior; monitoring