《生命科学》 2010, 22(3): 232-236

动物细胞的基因转录调控：来自生化研究的启示

Robert G. Roeder

（美国洛克菲勒大学）

摘　要：

摘　要：在真核细胞中，转录调控可以发生在多个层面，包括结构和功能迥异的RNA聚合酶、对应的广谱起始因子、基因特异性调控因子(DNA结合蛋白)以及各种共调节因子(coregulatory factors)。这些共调节因子可以通过染色质修饰，如组蛋白乙酰化和甲基化，或更直接地促进转录起始复合物的形成。通过一系列体外转录活性实验的研究，转录相关的酶、蛋白因子的性质和功能以及作用机制正逐步被揭示出来。该文将具体阐述近几十年科学家们在转录共调节因子方面取得的进展。
关键词：转录调控；共调节因子；转录中介体；组蛋白修饰

Transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in animal cells: insights from biochemical studies

Robert G. Roeder

(Rockefeller University， New York， USA)

Abstract:

Abstract: In eukaryotes， transcriptional regulation happens in multiple levels， involving different nuclear RNA polymerases， corresponding general initiation factors， gene-specific regulatory factors， and a variety of co-regulatory factors that act either through chromatin modifications (e.g. histone acetyltransferases and methyltransferases) or mediators to facilitate the formation and function of the preinitiation complex. Biochemical studies have provided insights into the mechanism of action of these factors， including pathways for their sequential function in chromatin remodeling and preinitiation complex formation/function steps.
Key words: transcriptional activators; coactivators; mediator; histone modifications