《生命科学》 2010, 22(2): 179-184

镉的致癌性与食品中镉的生物有效性

李　裕^1，2，张　强^1，3*，王润元¹，肖国举⁴，王　胜¹

(1 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所，甘肃省干旱气候与减灾重点实验室，中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室，兰州730020；2 西北民族大学化工学院，兰州730030；3 甘肃省气象局，兰州730020；4 宁夏大学生物工程研究所，银川)

摘　要：

摘  要：镉(Cd)因其广泛的环境污染而成为20世纪人类关注的一种重金属。虽然现在仍不知道镉具有的生理功能，但有证据表明镉是一个具有生物活性的金属。一般人镉暴露的主要途径食品摄入，其次饮水等途径。尽管一些地方病的证据有力支持了镉潜在的致癌特性，但由于环境中化学物质和吸烟等生活习惯与镉暴露之间存在难以区分的致病影响，使镉致病的研究得出了并不一致的结论，引起了镉致癌性的争论。该文通过对人类镉暴露的文献综述，试图理解土壤、食品中镉的生物有效性与疾病，特别是致癌性的关系。值得强调的是文献报道人体内营养元素铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)和钙(Ca)浓度的提高，对减少镉的吸收、减轻镉中毒都具有重要的作用，这也许是我们彻底解决人类镉暴露风险的突破口。
关键词：镉；致癌作用；生物有效性；食品

The carcinogenic potential and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) from food

LI Yu^1，2， ZHANG Qiang^1，3*， WANG Run-yuan¹， XIAO Guo-ju⁴， WANG Sheng¹

(1 Gansu Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Changes and Disaster Reduction， Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology， China Meteorological Administration， Lanzhou730020， China; 2 School of Chemical Engineering， Northwest University for Nationalities， Lanzhou 730030， China; 3 Gansu Provincial Meteorological Bureau， Lanzhou 730020， China; 4 Bioengineering Institute of Ningxia University， Yinchuan， China)

Abstract:

Abstract: Cadmium is a heavy metal that is often referred to as the metal of the 20th Century. In the general population， exposure to cadmium occurs primarily through dietary sources， and， to a lesser degree， drinking water. Although the metal has no known physiological function， there is evidence to suggest that the cadmium is a potent metallohormone. Although epidemiological strong evidence was available to document the carcinogenic potential of Cd， but in view of the remarkable concentrations of cadmium involved in some locations of world， and often contradictory reports in the literature， it appears that much remains to be learned about certain details of cadmium toxicity， and confounding factors such as co-exposure to other toxic chemicals and life style factors， for example， cigarette