摘 要：摘 要：生物大分子的功能主要取决于它们的三维结构、运动及相互作用。对蛋白质结构的解析可以从根本上阐明蛋白质功能的分子机制和基础，同时也是研究蛋白质功能的一个重途径。本文简述了当前蛋白质结构研究的主要手段，如X射线晶体学、核磁共振波谱学和三维电镜重构方法学等及其优缺点和适用性，总结了目前蛋白质结构研究进展并对将来的发展方向进行了一些探讨。尽管上述三种主要的研究方法已经比较成熟，而且在适用对象和实验方法上有很好的相互补充，但还是有相当多的生物学问题在结构水平上得不到解释和支持。因此，本文对目前蛋白质结构研究的热点和难点——膜蛋白和蛋白质复合物的研究现状和方法做了简要的概述，希望能够引起广大同行的关注。
关键词：蛋白质；三维结构；膜蛋白
Abstract: Abstract: The functions of biomacromolecules are mainly determined by their 3D structures, movements and interactions. Structural analysis on proteins constitutes the ultimate way to elucidate the molecular mechanism and basis of their functions. This article summarizes the methodology, advantages and limits of three major methods in the current protein structural study, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and 3-dimension electron microscopy reconstitution. In addition, progress and future directions of protein structural study are discussed. Although the above three methods have been developed to maturity and well complement each other, many biological problems still lack explanation and/or support at structural level. Present “hot and difficult”spots in the protein structural study are membrane proteins and protein complexes. The methods to study these two classes of protein and current progress are therefore briefly introduced to bring up more attentions.
Key words: protein; 3-dimension structure; membrane protein
