《生命科学》 2026, 38(10): 1845-1858
运动技能学习的眶额叶-纹状体环路机制
摘 要：
运动技能学习的研究不断深入推动了行为和神经机制层面的重要进展。现已确认小脑、眶额叶皮层（orbitofrontal cortex， OFC）和纹状体（striatum）等多个关键脑区参与了这一过程。其中，OFC在结果预测、逆转学习及记忆提取等认知过程中发挥关键作用；而纹状体作为大脑环路的核心枢纽，为运动控制和社会行为等多种生物学功能提供神经活动的结构基础。然而，目前对于不同脑区之间如何通过神经连接相互作用，并动态调控运动技能学习的全过程仍理解不足。因此，本综述立足于解剖连接明确的OFC-纹状体神经环路，系统探讨该环路在运动技能学习各阶段中的调控机制，总结近年来OFC与纹状体在运动技能中的功能贡献，并进一步梳理该环路功能紊乱相关疾病的病理机制。
通讯作者：曾燕 , Email:zengyan68@wust.edu.cn
Abstract:
Research on motor skill learning has advanced considerably, yielding important insights at both behavioral and neurobiological levels. It is now well established that this process involves the coordinated activity of multiple key brain regions, including the cerebellum, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and striatum. Among these, OFC plays a central role in cognitive functions such as outcome prediction, reversal learning, and memory retrieval, while the striatum serves as a subcortical hub for information integration, providing a critical circuit foundation for motor control, social behavior, and related functions. Nevertheless, how distinct brain regions interact through specific neural connections to dynamically and systematically regulate the entire process of motor skill learning remains inadequately understood. To address this gap, this review adopts the three-stage theoretical framework of motor skill learning (initial acquisition, consolidation, and automation) along with four learning mechanisms (reinforcement learning, error-based learning, use-dependent learning, and strategy), with the aim of systematically summarizing recent findings on the functional contributions of OFC and striatum to motor skill acquisition. By focusing on the anatomically well-defined OFC-striatum circuit, we examine the dynamic regulatory mechanisms of this circuit across different learning stages and further elucidate the links between its dysfunction and the pathophysiology of related neurodevelopmental disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Based on a systematic synthesis of existing evidence, we propose that the OFC-striatum circuit constitutes a key neural substrate for motor skill learning. This circuit supports goal-directed behavior, consolidationoptimization, and automatic execution by dynamically adjusting information weighting and computational modes across learning stages, while differentially integrating multiple learning mechanisms including reinforcement learning, error-based learning, use-dependent learning, and strategies at different phases. Dysfunction within this circuit may represent an important pathological basis for the motor and cognitive flexibility deficits observed in several neurodevelopmental conditions. This review aims to provide a systematic theoretical framework for future research in the field and to offer new perspectives for understanding the mechanisms and developing targeted interventions for related disorders.
Communication Author：ZENG Yan , Email:zengyan68@wust.edu.cn
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