《生命科学》 2026, 38(9): 1658-1674
独脚金内酯在植物中的功能及其农业应用
摘 要：
独脚金内酯（strigolactones，SLs）是一类由β-胡萝卜素衍生而来的植物激素，在植物中广泛存在，在调控植物生长发育与环境适应性中发挥关键作用。SLs通过转运蛋白调控其分布及分泌过程，通过信号转导途径发挥抑制植物分枝发育、调节根系构型、响应多种非生物胁迫等功能，同时也是植物与菌根真菌、寄生植物互作过程中的重要根际信号。因其在农业生态系统中的多重功能，SLs成为作物改良和可持续农业领域的研究热点。本文系统综述了SLs的生物合成、运输及信号通路，探讨了其在作物株型改良、环境适应性提升、共生互作调控和寄生杂草防控中的应用潜力及未来研究方向。
通讯作者：王 冰 , Email:bingwang@genetics.ac.cn
Abstract:
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of phytohormones that play an important role in plant growth, development, and esponses to environmental stress. They also function as rhizosphere signalling molecules that modulate interactions with
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants. SL biosynthesis originates from all-trans-β-carotene and proceeds through a series of conserved enzymatic reactions to generate the core intermediate, carlactone (CL). Cytochrome P450 oxidases and methyltransferases then catalyse CL to produce a range of structurally diverse SLs, including both canonical and noncanonical SLs. Specific ABCG family transporters regulate the SL distribution within plants and their secretion into the rhizosphere. SL perception relies on the formation of a complex composed of the receptor D14, the Fbox protein D3/MAX2, and the transcriptional repressors D53/SMXLs. The D3/MAX2 protein promotes the degradation of D53/SMXLs, thus activating the signal transduction. Subsequently, D3 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of D14, thereby triggering the termination of signal perception. These dual roles enable D3 to precisely regulate the intensity and duration of SL perception. SLs inhibit branch number, promote branch angle, and regulate internode elongation and leaf development, thereby optimizing shoot architecture. SLs promote primary root elongation and inhibit lateral root formation, thus modulating root architecture. Moreover, the SL pathway is involved in responses to abiotic stress, primarily by regulating the antioxidant enzyme activities, stomatal movements, anthocyanin accumulation, and interactions with other hormones. Furthermore, the biosynthesis and secretion of SLs play an indispensable role in establishing the symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and triggering seed germination of parasitic plants. This article provides a systematic review of the biosynthesis, transport, and signalling pathways of SLs and discusses their potential applications in optimizing crop architecture, enhancing environmental adaptability, promoting symbiosis, and controlling parasitic weeds. It also outlines directions for future research.
Communication Author：WANG Bing , Email:bingwang@genetics.ac.cn
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