《生命科学》 2026, 38(7): 1324-1335

运动与多巴胺的交叉对话：作用与相关机制

李 鑫 , 范康程 , 赵书阳 , 汪 琢^*

沈阳体育学院运动健康学院，沈阳 110102

摘　要：

多巴胺是调控运动、奖赏、情绪和认知的关键神经递质，其功能失调关联多种疾病。运动作为一种安全有 效的干预手段，展现出调节多巴胺系统的显著潜力。本文系统综述了运动对多巴胺系统的多层次调节机制，包括促 进多巴胺合成释放、增强突触可塑性、提升抗氧化及神经营养能力；探讨了多巴胺对运动执行、学习及动机的反馈调 节；重点分析了运动在帕金森病、抑郁症、高血压及骨代谢异常等多巴胺相关疾病中的干预作用，强调了多巴胺在运 动介导的疾病修复中的核心地位。未来需结合多组学等技术推动精准运动干预研究，为构建“运动-多巴胺-疾病”调 控网络及优化临床康复提供理论基础。

通讯作者：汪 琢 , Email:wangzhuo_7@126.com

The cross-talk between exercise and dopamine: roles and related mechanisms

LI Xin , FAN Kang-Cheng , ZHAO Shu-Yang , WANG Zhuo^*

College of Sport and Health, Shenyang Sports University, Shenyang 110102, China

Abstract:

Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of motor control, reward processing, emotion, and cognition. Dysregulation of dopamine signaling is implicated in various neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic disorders. As a safe and effective intervention, exercise has demonstrated significant potential in modulating the dopaminergic system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multi-level mechanisms by which physical activity influences dopamine function, including enhanced synthesis and release, improved synaptic plasticity, and increased antioxidant and neurotrophic support. It further explores the reciprocal role of dopamine in regulating motor performance, learning, and motivation. Special attention is given to the therapeutic effects of exercise in dopamine-related conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, depression, hypertension, and bone metabolic disorders. Finally, the review underscores the central role of dopamine in exercise-mediated disease modulation and highlights the need for integrating multi-omics and individualized approaches to advance precision exercise interventions and inform clinical rehabilitation strategies.

Communication Author：WANG Zhuo , Email:wangzhuo_7@126.com