《生命科学》 2026, 38(7): 1241-1255

运动通过重塑肠道菌群与代谢物稳态改善MAFLD的作用机制

吴鑫淼 , 刘 彦 , 胡 甜 , 李良鸣^* , 杨文琦^*

广州体育学院国家体育总局运动技战术诊断与机能评定重点实验室，广州 510500

摘　要：

代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）已成为全球最普遍的慢性肝脏疾病，其病理机制复杂，涉及多器官交互作 用。肠道菌群通过胆道、门静脉和体循环等途径，建立“肠-肝”之间的密切通讯。肠道菌群结构、代谢物以及肠道屏 障完整性均影响MAFLD的发生与发展。运动是防治MAFLD的重要手段，健康效益的多器官性和安全性使其具有 药物无法替代的良好效果。越来越多的证据表明，肠道菌群与代谢物是运动改善MAFLD的关键靶点。运动不仅能 够调节肠道菌群的结构组成，还可重塑菌群间的互作关系，提高肠道微生态稳定性；同时，运动也可调控菌群代谢产 物的生成，维持代谢物间的平衡并增强肠道屏障功能。本文就肠道菌群与代谢物失调在MAFLD发生发展中的作用 进行总结，并以肠道菌群-代谢物为落脚点阐述运动对MAFLD的保护作用，以期从“肠-肝轴”的层面更好地理解 MAFLD的病理机制和运动对MAFLD的防治机理。

通讯作者：李良鸣 , Email:liliangming@gzsport.edu.cn 杨文琦 , Email:shuixianyuhuai@126.com

Research progress on the mechanism of exercise improving MAFLD by reshaping gut microbiota and metabolic homeostasis

WU Xin-Miao , LIU Yan , HU Tian , LI Liang-Ming^* , YANG Wen-Qi^*

Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China

Abstract:

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, characterized by complex pathophysiological mechanisms involving multi-organ interactions. The gut microbiota establishes close communication between the gut and liver through pathways such as the biliary tract, portal vein, and systemic circulation. Gut microbiota composition, metabolites, and intestinal barrier integrity all influence the onset and progression of MAFLD. Exercise serves as a vital strategy for preventing and treating MAFLD. Its multi-organ health benefits and safety profile offer unparalleled advantages that cannot be replicated by pharmaceutical interventions. Growing evidence indicates that gut microbiota and metabolites are key targets for exercise-mediated improvement in MAFLD. Exercise not only modulates the structural composition of the gut microbiota but also reshapes microbial interactions and enhances gut microbial stability. Concurrently, exercise regulates the production of microbial metabolites, maintains metabolic balance, and strengthens intestinal barrier function. This article summarizes the role of dysbiosis in gut microbiota and metabolites in the development of MAFLD. It further elucidates the protective effects of exercise on MAFLD by focusing on the gut microbiota- metabolite axis, aiming to enhance our understanding of MAFLDs pathological mechanisms and the preventive and therapeutic mechanisms of exercise at the gut-liver axis level.

Communication Author：LI Liang-Ming , Email:liliangming@gzsport.edu.cn YANG Wen-Qi , Email:shuixianyuhuai@126.com