《生命科学》 2026, 38(5): 943-953
AI+基因测序专利技术趋势分析
摘 要：
在基因测序领域，人工智能技术得到深入应用，并被广泛关注。本文以IncoPat专利数据库收录的2005年至2025年间全球46 722件AI+基因测序专利为基础，系统分析了该领域专利申请趋势、地域布局特点、主要创新主体和重点技术分支。研究发现，AI+测序专利申请经历了萌芽阶段、发展阶段和快速增长阶段三个时期，目前正处于快速增长期。从技术来源地看，中国和美国是该领域两大主要技术产出地，各占约40%；从专利布局地看，中国占比最高（39%），美国次之，同时有相当数量的专利通过专利合作条约（PCT）途径进入全球主要市场。在主要申请人中，美国Illumina公司申请量居首，但中国企业仅华大基因进入前二十。在技术分支方面，疾病诊断占比最高（超过50%），其次是测序方法改进（25%），辅助药物开发、生物性状预测等占比较低。通过对比中美两国专利布局差异，本文梳理了我国AI+测序产业发展面临的机遇与挑战。在机遇方面：我国专利申请量自2020年起超越美国，国产替代进程加速；专业技术人才储备自2019年起超过美国且差距持续扩大。在挑战方面：我国专利申请以国内布局为主，PCT申请仅占约3%，海外布局薄弱；申请人以高校为主（前十中仅华大基因为企业），产学研转化应用相对滞后，专利转让率（4.88%）、许可率（0.67%）和产学研联合申请比率（4.16%）均处于较低水平。此外，该领域还面临遗传资源保护、个人隐私、跨境数据流动等日益严峻的法律合规风险。基于上述分析，本文提出五点发展建议：强化政策指引与核心技术攻关，完善国内国际知识产权保护链条，促进产学联动并发挥企业创新主导作用，优化跨学科人才机制，以及强化监督管理并建立分级管理方式。
通讯作者：李丹阳 , Email:lidanyangcc@126.com
Abstract:
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been deeply applied and widely valued in the field of gene sequencing. Based on 46,722 global AI+ gene sequencing-related patents retrieved from the IncoPat patent database covering the period from 2005 to 2025, this paper systematically analyzes patent application development trends, regional distribution characteristics, major innovative entities, and key technological branches in this domain. The study reveals that AI+ sequencing patent applications have experienced three distinct phases: the embryonic stage, the development stage, and the rapid growth stage, maintaining strong momentum in rapid expansion currently. In terms of technological origins, China and the United States represent the two dominant sources, each accounting for approximately 40% of global output. Regarding patent filing destinations, China holds the highest proportion (39%), followed by the United States, while a considerable number of patents enter major global markets through the PCT route. Among the top twenty applicants, the American company Illumina ranks first in application volume, while only one Chinese enterprise, BGI Genomics, appears in this leading group. Technologically, disease diagnosis constitutes the largest branch (exceeding 50%), followed by sequencing methodology improvements (25%), with auxiliary drug development, biological trait prediction, and other applications occupying relatively smaller shares. Through comparative analysis of patent distribution patterns between China and the United States, this paper identifies both opportunities and challenges confronting China’s AI+ sequencing industry. Opportunities include: China’s patent application volume has surpassed that of the United States since 2020, indicating accelerated domestic substitution progress; professional technical talent reserves have exceeded those of the United States since 2019, with the gap continuing to widen. Challenges encompass: Chinese patent applications predominantly focus on domestic filing, with PCT applications representing merely approximately 3% and overseas deployment remaining weak; applicants are predominantly universities (with only BGI Genomics among the top ten being an enterprise), indicating relatively lagging transformation and commercialization of research achievements, as evidenced by low patent transfer rates (4.88%), licensing rates (0.67%), and industry-academia joint application ratios (4.16%). Furthermore, the field faces increasingly stringent legal compliance risks concerning genetic resource protection, personal privacy, and cross-border data flows. Based on the aforementioned analysis, this paper proposes five development recommendations: strengthening policy guidance and reinforcing core technology breakthroughs; completing both domestic and international intellectual property protection chains; promoting industry-academia collaboration and leveraging enterprises as the dominant innovation force; optimizing interdisciplinary talent mechanisms; and enhancing supervision and management while establishing graded management approaches.
Communication Author：LI Dan-Yang , Email:lidanyangcc@126.com
SciCloud投稿系统