《生命科学》 2026, 38(2): 367-380
生物与非生物技术的交叉融合发展态势
摘 要：
近年来，生物与非生物技术的交叉融合成为驱动全球科技突破的关键引擎。生物技术与材料科技、微纳制造、传感技术、人工智能等领域深度融合，正呈现出从分子界面到个体层级的多尺度协同演进态势，催生出一系列兼具“类生命”特质与“可编程”属性的新型技术形态。本文系统梳理了生物与非生物技术融合的底层逻辑、关键技术、应用场景与治理框架。首先，围绕生命过程的工程化重构与非生物系统的生物启发设计，阐明了技术融合发展的科学基础；其次，聚焦器官芯片、生物混合机器人、数字生命等代表性融合领域，剖析了它们如何推动从分子、细胞、器官到个体尺度的工程化与数智化协同演进；最后，针对当前监管体系尚不完善、伦理边界模糊、安全风险难以界定等现实背景，探讨了跨学科协同治理面临的挑战及可能的监管路径，并对该领域的未来发展进行了展望。
通讯作者：刘 晓 , Email:liuxiao@sinh.ac.cn 熊 燕 , Email:yxiong@sinh.ac.cn
Abstract:
In recent years, the convergence of biological and non-biological technologies has been reshaping the global landscape of scientific and technological development with unprecedented breadth and depth, emerging as a core driving force for fostering disruptive innovation, cultivating new quality productive forces, and advancing sustainable transformation. This integration transcends the simplistic combination of isolated technological functions typical of earlier stages, gradually evolving into a systemic, multi-scale collaborative innovation paradigm. It provides robust support for cross-level systematic research from molecules to individuals, ranging from precise regulation at molecular interfaces, intelligent construction of cellular microenvironments, and in vitro simulation of organ functions to digital mapping of life systems at the organismal level, thereby driving a shift in life science research from traditional “passive observation” toward “active design” and even “dynamic optimization”. This article focuses on this cutting-edge trend. First, it delves into the underlying logic of the convergence between biological and non-biological technologies, highlighting that the core lies in establishing system-level coupling mechanisms that bridge living systems and artificial systems across physical, informational, and functional dimensions. Such coupling is not merely about interface connections; rather, it involves the efficient integration of signal transduction, energy exchange, and functional synergy at the bio-nonbio interface through multidisciplinary tools such as biomimetic design, synthetic biology, micro/nano-fabrication, and artificial intelligence. Second, the article examines several key nodes and representative application areas, systematically reviewing advances in frontier fields such as programmable biomaterials, biosensors, 3D/4D bioprinting, organoids, brain-computer interfaces, biohybrid robots, and digital life. For instance, programmable biomaterials enable fine-tuned control over material structure and performance in response to external stimuli; biosensors facilitate real-time, highly sensitive monitoring of cellular metabolism or neural activity; 3D/4D bioprinting significantly enhances the biomimetic fidelity and controllability of organoids at the tissue level and in terms of cellular heterogeneity; biohybrid robots demonstrate potential in precise manipulation, environmental detection, micro-scale operation, and life-like system modeling; and digital life technologies propel life sciences from ″observing life″ toward ″computing life″, laying a revolutionary technological foundation for future precision medicine, drug design, public health, and biomanufacturing. These directions synergistically advance the precision design of molecular structures, dynamic regulation of cellular behavior, and systematic reconstruction of tissue functions, ultimately enabling dynamic replication, precise intervention, and continuous optimization of physiological functions at the organ or even organismal level. Finally, the article emphasizes that, despite rapid technological convergence, challenges such as underdeveloped regulatory framework, ambiguous ethical boundaries, and poorly defined safety risks remain. Accordingly, it proposes the construction of a dynamic and adaptive regulatory system for convergent technologies, the establishment of new interdisciplinary ″translation″ and collaboration mechanisms, and the integration of ethics and safety considerations into the very source of technological innovation. Looking ahead, with continued breakthroughs in AI, digital twins, advanced materials, and automated platforms, the convergence of biological and non-biological technologies is expected to advance higher levels of intelligent collaboration, driving a new wave of scientific and industrial revolution.
Communication Author：LIU Xiao , Email:liuxiao@sinh.ac.cn XIONG Yan , Email:yxiong@sinh.ac.cn
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