《生命科学》 2026, 38(1): 46-58

运动与细胞焦亡在骨骼肌疾病中的作用及机制研究

李梦欠^1,2 , 方文君^1,2 , 王 欢^1,2 , 王 浩^1,2 , 王浩哲^1,2 , 朱 琳^1,3,* , 刘晓光^1,2,*

¹广州体育学院运动与健康学院，广州 510500 ²广州体育学院体卫融合创新发展研究中心，广州 510500 ³广州体育学院粤港澳大湾区体育科学创新研究中心，广州 510500

摘　要：

细胞焦亡是不同于细胞凋亡、铁死亡、坏死性凋亡和自噬的一种新型炎症性程序性细胞死亡方式，与骨骼
肌萎缩、特发性炎症性肌病（idiopathic inflammatory myopathy，IIM）以及横纹肌溶解症（rhabdomyolysis，RM）等骨骼肌疾病的发病密切相关。运动干预作为一种非药物疗法，对骨骼肌疾病的防治存在诸多潜在益处，其作用机制与细胞焦亡的调控密切相关。本文通过梳理细胞焦亡在骨骼肌萎缩、IIM、RM等不同骨骼肌疾病中的作用以及运动与细胞焦亡之间的关系，并总结不同运动形式对细胞焦亡的调控作用，为探索骨骼肌疾病的防治提供参考。

通讯作者：朱 琳 , Email:11251@gzsport.edu.cn 刘晓光 , Email:liuxg@gzsport.edu.cn

Research on the role and mechanism of exercise and pyroptosis in skeletal muscle diseases

LI Meng-Qian^1,2 , FANG Wen-Jun^1,2 , WANG Huan^1,2 , WANG Hao^1,2 , WANG Hao-Zhe^1,2 , ZHU Lin^1,3,* , LIU Xiao-Guang^1,2,*

¹School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China ²Research Center for Innovative Development of Sports and Healthcare Integration, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China ³Innovative Research Center for Sports Science in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China

Abstract:

Pyroptosis is a novel inflammatory form of programmed cell death that is distinct from apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis and autophagy. Its core feature is the formation of plasma membrane pores mediated by the Gasdermin family of proteins, which leads to cell membrane rupture and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), thereby triggering a robust inflammatory response. Pyroptosis can participate in the pathogenesis of various skeletal muscle diseases, including skeletal muscle atrophy, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), and rhabdomyolysis (RM), through molecular pathways including Caspase-1-dependent canonical pathway, Caspase-4/5/11-dependent non-classical pathway, Caspase-3/8-mediated pathways, and granzy-memediated pathways. Exercise intervention, as a safe and effective non-pharmacological therapy, has shown significant potential in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle diseases. Its beneficial effects are closely related to the regulation of pyroptosis signaling pathways. Both aerobic exercise and resistance training can downregulate the expression of key pyroptosis molecules, thereby inhibiting inflammasome activation and the release of pro-inflammatory factors, ultimately alleviating muscle damage and inflammatory responses. However, different forms of exercise exhibit differential effects on the regulation of pyroptosis, and specific exercise prescriptions need to be personalized based on age, disease type, and severity. However, the specific molecular targets through which exercise mediates pyroptosis in the regulation of skeletal muscle diseases have not been fully elucidated, and the differential effects of various exercise modalities on specific pyroptotic pathways still require systematic investigation. This article reviews the developmental trajectory of pyroptosis, systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and its roles in major skeletal muscle diseases, and outlines the regulatory effects of different forms of exercise on pyroptosis. The aim is to clarify the mechanisms linking exercise and pyroptosis, providing a comprehensive theoretical reference for the development of strategies targeting pyroptosis in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle diseases, while also offering a scientific basis for designing personalized exercise intervention programs in clinical practice.

Communication Author：ZHU Lin , Email:11251@gzsport.edu.cn LIU Xiao-Guang , Email:liuxg@gzsport.edu.cn