《生命科学》 2025, 37(12): 1667-1677

纹状体胆碱能受体在帕金森病运动防治中的作用研究进展

张　凯 , 陈　平^* , 黄柳婷 , 刘淑敏 , 杨　全 , 刘　兵 , 秦天赐

吉首大学体育科学学院，吉首 416000

摘　要：

纹状体胆碱能受体(acetylcholine receptors, AchRs) 的表达异常是帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)
的促退行性触发机制之一。AchR 相关药物可以改善PD 的临床症状。运动作为非药物疗法可以调节纹状体AchR 的功能和表达，并改善PD 相关行为功能障碍。其机制可能是运动通过上调纹状体谷氨酸能神经末梢上M2、M4 毒蕈碱型受体(muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, mAChRs) 抑制环磷酸腺苷的生成及蛋白激酶A 的活性，并通过上调胶质细胞α7 烟碱型受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, nAChRs) 增加谷氨酸-天冬氨酸转运蛋白的表达，从而降低胞外谷氨酸浓度，抑制谷氨酸氧化毒性作用；纹状体胶质细胞α7nAChR 的上调还可以通过增强对Ca²⁺ 相关信号通路及Toll 样受体4、Janus 激酶2 和Wnt/β-catenin 相关信号通路的调控来抑制核转录因子κB 的信号转导，减少促炎因子产生并缓解炎症反应，以维持细胞内环境稳态。本文从纹状体AchR 改变视角，对其在PD 神经退行性病变及PD 运动防治中可能的作用进行综述，为运动干预缓解PD 相关行为功能障碍的潜在分子机制的研究以及靶向干预提供必要的理论依据和新的思路。

通讯作者：陈　平 , Email:stemph2021@163.com

Research progress on the role of striatal cholinergic receptors in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease

ZHANG Kai , CHEN Ping^* , HUANG Liu-Ting , LIU Shu-Min , YANG Quan , LIU Bing , QIN Tian-Ci

College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China

Abstract:

Abnormal expression of striatal acetylcholine receptors is one of the degenerative triggering mechanisms of Parkinson's disease. AchR-related drugs can improve the clinical symptoms of PD. Exercise, as a nonpharmacological therapy, can regulate the function and expression of striatal AchR and improve PD-related behavioral dysfunction. The mechanism may be that exercise upregulates M2, M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on striatal glutamatergic nerve terminals to inhibit the generation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and the activity of PKA, and upregulates glial α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to increase the expression of glutamate-aspartate transporters, thereby reducing extracellular glutamate concentration and inhibiting the oxidative toxicity of glutamate; the upregulation of striatal glial α7 nAChR can also enhance the regulation of Ca²⁺-related signaling pathways and TLR4, JAK2 and Wnt/β-catenin-related signaling pathways to inhibit the signal transduction of nuclear factor κB, reduce the production of pro-inflammatory factors and alleviate inflammatory responses, thereby maintaining intracellular homeostasis. This article reviews the possible role of striatal AchR changes in the neurodegenerative process of PD and the exercise prevention and treatment of PD from the perspective of striatal AchR changes, providing necessary theoretical basis and new ideas for the study of the potential molecular mechanisms of exercise intervention in alleviating PD-related behavioral dysfunction and targeted intervention.

Communication Author：CHEN Ping , Email:stemph2021@163.com