《生命科学》 2025, 37(12): 1645-1658

中长链甘油三酯对肥胖的影响及机制研究进展

李觐洋¹ , 涂珂瑜¹ , 吴　良¹ , 葛勇健¹ , 陈诗晴² , 杨峻豪² , 葛瑞宏^3,* , 王　慧^3,*

¹上海交通大学基础医学院，上海 200025 ²马来西亚棕榈油总署大马棕榈油技术研发 (上海)有限公司，上海 201108 ³上海交通大学公共卫生学院，上海 200025

摘　要：

肥胖是由可能导致健康损害的脂肪过量沉积所定义的一种慢性复杂疾病。随着全球肥胖率的增长，肥胖已成为一大公共卫生问题。肥胖不仅影响个体健康，增加多种慢性疾病的风险，如心血管疾病和2 型糖尿病等，还给社会经济带来重大负担。中长链甘油三酯(MLCT) 是一种新型功能性结构脂质，兼具中链甘油三酯(MCT) 和长链甘油三酯(LCT) 在营养和体内代谢方面的优势，具有多种生理功能。本文阐述了MLCT 的结构、性质及其代谢特征，重点探讨了MLCT 干预肥胖的作用机制及其应用。MLCT 可以通过多种途径改善肥胖，包括调节基因表达、改善肝脏脂质代谢、加速脂肪氧化分解、改善胰岛素抵抗以及调节肠道菌群等，发挥降低血脂血糖、促进脂肪消耗并抑制脂肪和胆固醇积累等作用，进而达到预防和抑制肥胖的效果。目前，MLCT 已应用在特殊食品和医药产品中，本综述在已有研究进展的基础上提出展望，为MLCT 的进一步研究和应用提供参考。

通讯作者：葛瑞宏 , Email:grh@shsmu.edu.cn 王　慧 , Email:huiwang@shsmu.edu.cn

Research progress on the effects and mechanisms of medium- and long-chain triglyceride on obesity

LI Jin-Yang¹ , TU Ke-Yu¹ , WU Liang¹ , GE Yong-Jian¹ , CHEN Shi-Qing² , YANG Jun-Hao² , GE Rui-Hong^3,* , WANG Hui^3,*

¹College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China ²Palm Oil Research and Technical Service Institute of Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Shanghai 201108, China ³School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China

Abstract:

Obesity is a chronic and complex disease characterized by excessive accumulation of fat that may impair health. With the global rise in obesity rate, it has become a significant public health issue. Obesity not only affects individual health by increasing the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, but also imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden. Medium- and long-chain triglyceride (MLCT) is a novel functional structured lipid combining nutritional and metabolic advantages of both medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and long-chain triglycerides (LCT), possessing various physiological functions. This article elaborates on the structure, properties, and metabolic characteristics of MLCT, emphasizing its mechanisms of action in obesity intervention and its application in obesity treatment. MLCT improves obesity through multiple pathways, including regulating gene expression, enhancing hepatic lipid metabolism, accelerating fat oxidation, ameliorating insulin resistance, and modulating gut microbiota. These mechanisms collectively contribute to lowering blood lipids and glucose levels, promoting fat consumption, and inhibiting the accumulation of fat and cholesterol, thus achieving anti-obesity effects. Although further research is required, MLCT shows broad application potential in the food industry and clinical nutrition, offering new strategies for MLCT applications and obesity treatment.

Communication Author：GE Rui-Hong , Email:grh@shsmu.edu.cn WANG Hui , Email:huiwang@shsmu.edu.cn