《生命科学》 2025, 37(11): 1453-1463

生命医学领域数字孪生技术的伦理挑战及治理策略探析

陈倩文^1,2 , 庞　雪^1,2 , 郝　易^1,3 , 彭耀进^1,2,3,*

¹中国科学院动物研究所，北京 100101 ²北京干细胞与再生医学研究院，北京 100101 ³中国科学院大学，北京 100049

摘　要：

在数字化与智能化加速演进的时代背景下，数字孪生作为融合人工智能、异构数据整合与虚拟建模于一体的新兴技术范式，正深刻重塑生命科学与医疗健康领域的认知体系与实践路径。数字孪生技术在机制解析、疾病预测、个性化治疗、药物研发及临床决策等场景中展现出广阔应用潜力，同时亦伴生隐私保护、知情同意、算法偏见、医疗公平与人机关系重构等多重伦理难题。本文在系统梳理数字孪生技术于生命科学与医学领域的发展脉络和典型实践的基础上，深入剖析其所蕴含的伦理风险，辨析主要国家与多边机制的政策取向，并提出涵括分类分级全过程伦理评估、伦理内嵌与技术共设计、数据治理与隐私保护、公众参与与多元协商、跨部门协调与国际规则对接的治理框架建议，旨在为我国构建具有适应性的生命医学数字孪生治理体系提供规范支撑。

通讯作者：彭耀进 , Email:yaojin.peng@ioz.ac.cn

Ethical challenges and governance of digital twins in life sciences and medicine

CHEN Qian-Wen^1,2 , PANG Xue^1,2 , HAO Yi^1,3 , PENG Yao-Jin^1,2,3,*

¹Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China ²Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China ³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract:

Amid rapid advances in digitalization and intelligent systems, digital twin technology is reshaping both conceptual and operational paradigms in life sciences and healthcare. With applications spanning mechanistic insight, disease forecasting, personalized medicine, drug discovery and clinical decision-making, the digital twin technology holds significant transformative potential. However, their deployment also raises pressing ethical concerns, including data privacy, informed consent, algorithmic bias, healthcare inequity and evolving  humanmachine dynamics. This article traces the evolution and representative applications of digital twin technologies in biomedicine, examines their embedded ethical risks and evaluates policy responses across major jurisdictions. We propose a governance framework grounded in tiered, life-cycle ethical assessment; ethics-by-design and co-creation principles; enhanced data governance and privacy safeguards; inclusive public engagement; and cross-sector coordination aligned with international norms. These recommendations aim to inform the development of a responsive, ethically robust regulatory system for biomedical digital twins in China.

Communication Author：PENG Yao-Jin , Email:yaojin.peng@ioz.ac.cn