《生命科学》 2025, 37(10): 1322-1330

P2X3受体在慢性咳嗽治疗中的作用与药物研发进展

崔　斌 , 于　烨^*

中国药科大学基础医学与临床药学学院，南京 211198

摘　要：

P2X3 受体是ATP 介导的配体门控非选择性阳离子通道，广泛分布于三叉神经(trigeminal nerve, TN) 与背根神经节(dorsal root ganglia, DRG) 等感觉神经元，并在咳嗽反射调控中发挥关键作用。近年来，P2X3 受体作为难治性慢性咳嗽(refractory chronic cough, RCC) 或不明原因的慢性咳嗽(unexplained chronic cough, UCC) 的重要靶点引起了广泛关注。多款P2X3 受体相关镇咳剂已被研发并进入临床试验，其中Gefapixant 已在日本和欧洲上市。本文综述P2X3 受体的结构与功能、相关镇咳药物的最新进展及其门控调节机制，以期为新型安全高效镇咳药物的研发提供参考。

通讯作者：于　烨 , Email:yuye@cpu.edu.cn

P2X3 receptor and chronic cough: mechanisms and emerging therapies

CUI Bin , YU Ye^*

School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China

Abstract:

Chronic cough, particularly refractory and unexplained variants, remains a significant clinical challenge. The P2X3 receptor, an ATP-gated non-selective cation channel highly expressed in sensory neurons of the trigeminal nerve (TN) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), plays a key role in regulating the cough reflex. Increasing evidence has positioned the P2X3 receptor as a critical target for antitussive therapy. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in the development of P2X3 receptor antagonists, culminating in the approval of Gefapixant in Japan and Europe. This review explores the intricate relationship between P2X3 receptor function and chronic cough pathophysiology, while also highlighting advancements in receptor-targeted drug development, ultimately paving the way for more effective and safer therapeutic interventions.

Communication Author：YU Ye , Email:yuye@cpu.edu.cn