《生命科学》 2025, 37(9): 1075-1084

ApoE的结构和功能及其在心血管疾病中的作用

梁浩林^1,2 , 陈耿基^1,2 , 肖佳海^1,2 , 张鹏飞^3,* , 张志珍^1,*

¹广东医科大学基础医学院，东莞 523808 ²广东医科大学医学技术学院， 东莞 523808 ³深圳市龙华区中心医院中心实验室，深圳 518110

摘　要：

载脂蛋白E (ApoE)是人体内广泛存在的多态性调节蛋白，作为心血管疾病发生发展的关键调控分子，ApoE 异构体与心血管疾病风险密切相关。ApoE 主要通过调控脂质代谢进而影响动脉脂质沉积，并参与炎症反应、抗氧化应激和血管内皮功能等过程。近年来研究显示，ApoE 与心律失常、动脉粥样硬化、主动脉瘤以及急性冠脉综合征的发生发展密切相关，提示其具有作为心血管疾病治疗靶点的潜在价值。本文旨在系统性地综述ApoE 的结构特点和生理功能，并深入概述其在心血管健康与疾病中的作用机制，为开发以ApoE 为靶点的调脂策略及心血管疾病疗法提供坚实的理论基础。

通讯作者：张鹏飞 , Email:zhangpengfei1988@aliyun.com 张志珍 , Email:zzzhang@gdmu.edu.cn

Structure and function of ApoE and its role in cardiovascular diseases

LIANG Hao-Lin^1,2 , CHEN Geng-Ji^1,2 , XIAO Jia-Hai^1,2 , ZHANG Peng-Fei^3,* , ZHANG Zhi-Zhen^1,*

¹School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China ²College of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China ³Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China

Abstract:

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a widely polymorphic regulatory protein in the human body. As a key  regulatory molecule for the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, ApoE isoforms are closely  related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. ApoE affects arterial lipid deposition mainly by regulating lipid metabolism, and participates in inflammatory response, anti-oxidative stress and vascular endothelial function. Recent studies have shown that ApoE is closely related to the occurrence and development of arrhythmia,  atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm and acute coronary syndrome, suggesting its potential value as a therapeutic target  for cardiovascular diseases. This article aims to systematically review the structural characteristics and physiological  functions of ApoE, and provide an in-depth overview of its mechanism of action in cardiovascular health and disease, so as to offer a solid theoretical basis for the development of ApoE-targeted lipid regulation strategies and cardiovascular disease treatment.

Communication Author：ZHANG Peng-Fei , Email:zhangpengfei1988@aliyun.com ZHANG Zhi-Zhen , Email:zzzhang@gdmu.edu.cn