《生命科学》 2025, 37(7): 904-918

无细胞蛋白质合成技术的发展：从实验室到工业制造

马菁平 , 王海鹏 , 董　强 , 郭　敏^*

康码(上海)生物科技有限公司，上海 200000

摘　要：

无细胞蛋白质合成技术(cell-free protein synthesis, CFPS) 是一种在体外环境中利用细胞来源的核糖体、酶系、tRNAs 及能量系统，直接以DNA 或mRNA 为模板合成蛋白质的技术。近几十年来，随着合成生物学、基因编辑技术、自动化装置和人工智能的快速发展，CFPS 在基础研究、生物制药、工业催化等领域的应用价值显著提升。本文从技术进展、研究成果、产业化、现存问题及未来前景等方面进行综述，结合近年国内外研究案例，探讨这一极具未来意义的技术的发展脉络与挑战。

通讯作者：郭　敏 , Email:guomin@healthcodon.com

Advancements in cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) technology: from laboratory to industrial production

MA Jing-Ping , WANG Hai-Peng , DONG Qiang , GUO Min^*

Kangma-Healthcode (Shanghai) Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China

Abstract:

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) technology is an in vitro method that utilizes ribosomes, enzymatic systems, tRNAs, and energy components isolated from cells to directly synthesize proteins using DNA or mRNA as templates. Over the past decades, driven by rapid advancements in synthetic biology, gene-editing technologies, automation platforms and AI, CFPS has significantly enhanced its application value in basic research, biopharmaceuticals, industrial catalysis, and other fields. This review discusses the historic origin, technological progress, research achievements, industrialization efforts, existing challenges and future prospects of CFPS. By incorporating recent domestic and international research cases, it explores the developmental trajectory and key hurdles of this futuristic technology.

Communication Author：GUO Min , Email:guomin@healthcodon.com