《生命科学》 2025, 37(6): 704-716

溶瘤牛痘病毒抗肿瘤及联合治疗策略研究进展

张二帅¹ , 段海潇² , 李媛琳¹ , 胡　翰¹ , 刘滨磊^1,2,*

¹湖北工业大学生命科学与健康工程学院，武汉 430068 ²武汉滨会生物科技股份有限公司，武汉 436030

摘　要：

牛痘病毒(vaccinia virus, VACV) 是具有溶瘤特性的病毒，近年来在多种癌症治疗中展现出广阔的应用前景。尽管目前尚无VACV 相关药物正式上市，但多个临床前和临床研究已显示出其良好的发展潜力。然而，干扰素(interferon, IFN) 信号通路激活可能触发抗病毒机制，导致VACV 治疗在激活抗肿瘤免疫方面能力受限，因此需要联合其他治疗方法以增强抗肿瘤效果，包括化疗、放疗、CAR-T 疗法、免疫检查点阻断疗法和抗肿瘤免疫刺激因子等。本文阐述了VACV 抗肿瘤作用机制及其联合治疗策略研究进展，以期促进相关基础研究和未来的转化研究。

通讯作者：刘滨磊 , Email:Liubl@hbut.edu.cn

Research advances in oncolytic vaccinia virus for anti-tumor and combination therapy strategies

ZHANG Er-Shuai¹ , DUAN Hai-Xiao² , LI Yuan-Lin¹ , HU Han¹ , LIU Bin-Lei^1,2,*

¹College of Life Science and Health Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China ²Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 436030, China

Abstract:

Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a virus with oncolytic properties that has shown broad application prospects in the treatment of various cancers in recent years. Although no VACV-related drugs have been officially marketed yet, numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated its promising potential. However, the activation of the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway may trigger antiviral mechanisms, limiting the ability of VACV monotherapy to activate antitumor immunity. Therefore, it is necessary to explore combination therapies to enhance antitumor immune responses. These methods include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, CAR-T cell therapy, combination with immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and the use of antitumor immune stimulators. This article reviews the research advances in the anti-tumor effects, mechanisms, and combination strategies of vaccinia virus, aiming to facilitate in-depth investigations and future translational studies on VACV-based cancer therapeutics.

Communication Author：LIU Bin-Lei , Email:Liubl@hbut.edu.cn