《生命科学》 2025, 37(6): 682-692

运动促进高海拔暴露下认知功能改善的研究进展

周亚玲¹ , 安莎莎² , 张迪迪^3,*

¹青海民族大学体育学院，西宁 810007 ²新疆师范大学体育学院， 乌鲁木齐 830054 ³西藏民族大学体育学院，咸阳 712082

摘　要：

高海拔环境会导致机体脑认知功能发生变化，而运动在改善由此引发的脑认知功能障碍方面发挥着重要作用。本研究系统梳理并分析了该领域相关研究进展，旨在深入阐明其内在作用机制。研究结果显示，低压低氧的高海拔环境会扰乱大脑的神经体液调节功能，导致线粒体损伤，并触发机体的炎症反应。同时，缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia inducible factor, HIF) 信号通路亦会发生相应变化。在常氧条件下，运动对认知功能有益。然而，在复杂的高海拔环境中，运动对机体认知功能的影响受实验环境和真实暴露时长的限制，进而导致运动对高海拔诱导的认知功能改变表现出不同效应。此研究为深入探索并开发针对高海拔脑认知障碍的有效干预策略提供了理论支撑。

通讯作者：张迪迪 , Email:zhangdd7788@yeah.net

Research progress on the promotion of cognitive function improvement under high-altitude exposure by exercise

ZHOU Ya-Ling¹ , AN Sha-Sha² , ZHANG Di-Di^3,*

¹College of Physical Education, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China ²College of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China ³College of Physical Education, Xizang University for Nationalities, Xianyang 712082, Ch

Abstract:

High-altitude environments can lead to changes in cerebral cognitive functions, and exercise plays a significant role in ameliorating the resulting cognitive dysfunctions. This study systematically reviews and analyzes the relevant research progress in this field, aiming to elucidate its underlying mechanisms in depth. The results indicate that the low-pressure, hypoxic conditions of high altitudes disrupt the neuroendocrine regulation of the brain, leading to mitochondrial damage and triggering an inflammatory response in the body. Concurrently, the signaling pathway of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) also undergoes corresponding changes. Under normoxic conditions, exercise is beneficial for cognitive functions. However, in the complex high-altitude environment, the influence of exercise on cognitive function is limited by the experimental environment and the real exposure time, which leads to different effects on high-altitude induced cognitive function changes. This research provides a theoretical foundation for further exploration and development of effective intervention strategies targeting highaltitude cerebral cognitive impairments.

Communication Author：ZHANG Di-Di , Email:zhangdd7788@yeah.net