《生命科学》 2025, 37(6): 672-681

优化运动员血清睾酮的营养策略及作用机制研究进展

郭俏凤¹ , 陈笑然² , 周　越^1,3,*

¹北京体育大学运动人体科学学院，北京 100084 ²国家体育总局秦皇岛训练基地， 秦皇岛 066000 ³北京体育大学冰雪运动“一带一路”联合实验室，北京 100084

摘　要：

血清睾酮是监控及预测运动员机体恢复和运动表现的关键指标，然而运动员在训练期间常会经历血清睾酮水平的下降，这不仅削弱了训练效果，还可能对健康产生不利影响。营养策略作为一种非训练手段，具有促进恢复和主动提升睾酮水平的效果。本文旨在探讨运动员通过营养策略改善血清睾酮水平的有效途径及其作用机制，以优化训练效果并提升竞技表现。基于运动对血清睾酮调控的主要机制，结合高强度运动和耐力运动的特点，本文梳理了能量与宏量营养素、膳食结构、微量元素、中草药和植物提取物干预等策略的潜在作用及其对睾酮水平的影响。未来研究将聚焦于不同营养干预方式在各训练阶段的协同应用，以及女性运动员的特殊需求，并借助组学技术和可穿戴设备为运动员提供精准的科学支持，以实现血清睾酮水平的精准调控和运动表现的最大化。

通讯作者：周　越 , Email:zhouy@bsu.edu.cn

Research progress on nutritional strategies and mechanisms of action to optimize serum testosterone in athletes

GUO Qiao-Feng¹ , CHEN Xiao-Ran² , ZHOU Yue^1,3,*

¹College of Human Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China ²Qinhuangdao Training Center of General Administration of Sport of China, Qinhuangdao 066000, China ³The "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory of Winter Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, Chi

Abstract:

Serum testosterone is a key indicator for monitoring and predicting athletes' physical recovery and sports performance; however, athletes often experience a decline in serum testosterone levels during training, which affects training outcomes and health. Nutritional strategies, as a non-training means to adjust athletes' recovery needs, actively enhance testosterone levels. The aim of this paper is to explore effective pathways and mechanisms by which athletes can improve serum testosterone levels through nutritional strategies, thereby optimizing training effects and enhancing competitive performance. Based on the primary mechanisms by which exercise regulates serum testosterone, and in accordance with the characteristics of high-intensity and endurance exercises, this paper reviews nutritional strategies including regulating energy and macronutrient intake, improving dietary structure, and supplementing micronutrients, traditional Chinese medicine, and plant extracts. Future research should further focus on the synergistic application of different nutritional interventions at various training stages and the special needs of female athletes, and utilize omics technologies and wearable devices to provide more precise scientific support for athletes, achieving precise regulation of serum testosterone levels and maximizing sports performance.

Communication Author：ZHOU Yue , Email:zhouy@bsu.edu.cn