《生命科学》 2025, 37(4): 437-449

重组蛋白疫苗在新型冠状病毒感染中的应用

任鑫鑫¹ , 陈　瑞¹ , 周金虎² , 许　雁² , Normand Jolicoeur² , 汪　洋¹ , 刘滨磊^1,2,*

¹湖北工业大学生命科学与健康工程学院，武汉 430068 ²武汉滨会生物科技股份有限公司，武汉 436030

摘　要：

新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19) 是一场全球性大流行病，由二型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2) 引发，自2019 年底暴发以来，迅速成为全球性的公共卫生危机。随着Beta、Gamma、Delta以及Omicron 等变异株的接连出现，其传播能力不断增强，对人类健康构成的潜在威胁依然不容忽视。研发广谱、高效的新冠疫苗已成为科学界与公共卫生机构共同面临的紧迫任务与重要目标。重组蛋白疫苗成分简单、产量高、生产安全，是疫苗研发领域的一项创新策略，在抗击新冠疫情中展现出广阔的应用前景。本文旨在探讨重组蛋白疫苗在预防和控制COVID-19 中的应用和效果，系统地剖析了新型冠状病毒的生物学特性，包括其结构特点、宿主细胞入侵机制、变异株的传播特性及其在临床上的表现；重点介绍了新型冠状病毒重组蛋白疫苗的设计策略，深入探讨了免疫应答的作用机制、疫苗作用靶点的筛选与应用，以及疫苗技术开发的新思路；评估了重组蛋白疫苗的优势与挑战，详细阐述了重组蛋白疫苗在制备流程方面的关键步骤，包括蛋白表达系统的优化、纯化技术的提升，以及配方的创新。此外，文章还总结了国内外新型冠状病毒重组蛋白疫苗的研究进展，包括国内研究现状和国际上已临床获批的候选疫苗，展望了重组蛋白疫苗在公共卫生领域不同疾病中的前沿应用，以及在预防和控制COVID-19 及其他潜在传染病中的潜力。

通讯作者：刘滨磊 , Email:liubl@hbut.edu.cn

Application of recombinant protein vaccine in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

REN Xin-Xin¹ , CHEN Rui¹ , ZHOU Jin-Hu² , XU Yan² , Normand Jolicoeur² , WANG Yang¹ , LIU Bin-Lei^1,2,*

¹School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China ²Wuhan Binhui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan 436030, China

Abstract:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global  pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has rapidly become a global public health crisis since its outbreak in late 2019. With the successive emergence of mutant strains such as Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, and their ncreasing ability to spread, the potential threat to human health still cannot be ignored, and the development of  broad-spectrum, highly effective vaccines against the new coronavirus has become an urgent task and an important goal shared by both the scientific community and public  health organizations. Recombinant protein vaccines are simple in composition, high in yield, and safe in  production. They are an innovative strategy in the field of vaccine research and development and have shown broad application prospects in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to explore the application and effectiveness of recombinant protein vaccines in the prevention and control of COVID-19. The biological characteristics of the novel coronaviruses were systematically analyzed, including their structural features, host cell invasion mechanisms, transmission characteristics of the mutant strains, and their efficacy in the clinical setting. The design strategy of the SARS- CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine is

Communication Author：LIU Bin-Lei , Email:liubl@hbut.edu.cn