《生命科学》 2025, 37(4): 393-400

DNA甲基化在青光眼中的研究进展

贾大东 , 胡　昊 , 梁　亮^*

三峡大学附属第二人民医院•宜昌市第二人民医院，宜昌 443099

摘　要：

青光眼是一种以视神经进行性损伤为特征的致盲性眼病，其致病机制复杂，导致青光眼的相关细胞功能调节机制尚不完全明了。因此，青光眼的治疗仍面临巨大挑战。DNA 甲基化作为一种重要的表观遗传修饰方式，通过在DNA 分子上添加甲基基团，可调控青光眼相关基因的表达。近年来，针对单基因及全基因组甲基化的研究逐步揭示了DNA 甲基化在青光眼病理进程中的关键作用。DNA 甲基化通过调控基因表达，参与了视神经损伤、眼内压调节、视网膜神经节细胞衰老等多种生理病理过程。本文综述了目前青光眼相关的DNA 甲基化研究，重点探讨了多个受DNA 甲基化调控的基因在青光眼发病过程中的作用，旨在深入理解青光眼病理过程中的关键基因和分子信号通路，为青光眼的临床诊断与干预治疗提供理论依据。

通讯作者：梁　亮 , Email:liangliang419519@163.com

Advancements in research regarding DNA methylation in the context of glaucoma

JIA Da-Dong , HU Hao , LIANG Liang^*

The Second People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University•The Second People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443099, China

Abstract:

Glaucoma is a blinding eye disease characterized by progressive optic nerve injury. The pathogenesis of
glaucomato-related cell function regulation is not fully understood. Therefore, the treatment of glaucoma still faces reat challenges. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification, which can regulate the expression of glaucomato-related genes by adding methyl groups to DNA molecules. In recent years, studies on single gene and whole genome methylation have gradually revealed the key role of DNA methylation in the pathological process of glaucoma. DNA methylation is involved in many physiological and pathological processes such as optic nerve injury, intraocular pressure regulation and retinal ganglion cell senescence by regulating gene expression. This review focuses on the role of several genes regulated by DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, aiming to further understand the key genes and molecular signaling  pathways in the pathological process of glaucoma, and provide theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and  intervention treatment of glaucoma.

Communication Author：LIANG Liang , Email:liangliang419519@163.com