《生命科学》 2025, 37(2): 186-195

微生物-肠-脑轴在运动减轻神经炎症中的作用

王　拴 , 杨子懿 , 宋诗语 , 李良鸣^* , 刘淑靖^*

广州体育学院，国家体育总局运动技战术诊断与机能评定重点实验室，广州 510500

摘　要：

肠道微生物参与机体免疫，与多种疾病关系密切。研究表明，肠道微生物的多样性及其代谢物可以通过肠- 脑轴参与或改善神经炎症，影响脑功能。肠道微生物多样性的减少、细菌细胞壁组分增加和细胞外囊泡分泌增多都会促进神经炎症的发生。运动有益身心健康，有规律的体育活动会对肠道微生物群的多样性和功能、微生物代谢物以及肠道免疫屏障产生积极影响。本文对运动调节肠道内短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、色氨酸等细菌代谢物的产生，减少LPS 的生成，促进抗炎因子的分泌等研究进展进行了综述，并对未来靶向肠道微生物与神经炎症的研究方向作出了展望，为运动缓解神经炎症提供新思路和方案。

通讯作者：李良鸣 , Email:liliangming@gzsport.edu.cn 刘淑靖 , Email:Liusj1987@126.com

Research progress of microbial-gut-brain axis-mediated alleviating neuroinflammation by exercise

WANG Shuan , YANG Zi-Yi , SONG Shi-Yu , LI Liang-Ming^* , LIU Shu-Jing^*

Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China

Abstract:

Gut microbiota play a crucial role in immunity and are closely associated with various diseases. Research indicates that the diversity of gut microbiota, along with their metabolites, can contribute to or alleviate neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis, impact brain function. A decrease in gut microbial diversity, an increase in bacterial cell wall components, and an increase in extracellular vesicle secretion may promote neuroinflammation. Exercise is beneficial for both physical and mental health. Regular physical activity will have a positive impact on the diversity and function of intestinal microbiota, microbial metabolites and intestinal immune barrier. In this review, exercise regulates the production of short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, tryptophan and other metabolites in the gut, reduces the production of LPS, and promotes the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors. The review also discusses future research directions targeting intestinal microbes and neuroinflammation. This review aims to provide new ideas and strategies for using exercise to relieve neuroinflammation.

Communication Author：LI Liang-Ming , Email:liliangming@gzsport.edu.cn LIU Shu-Jing , Email:Liusj1987@126.com