《生命科学》 2025, 37(1): 57-66
脑机接口领域发展态势
摘 要：
脑机接口为人脑功能研究提供了重要方法，为脑疾病临床诊治提供前沿探索工具。2024 年脑机接口领域进入技术爆发期，具体表现在以下几方面。(1) 国内外加强脑机接口资助：相比较而言，美国重视电极、芯片开发及其在医疗与防务的应用，欧盟重视相关材料开发与科研应用，我国将脑机接口作为未来产业进行全面部署；(2) 相关技术迭代升级：新型接口、电极等硬件被相继开发出来，大模型应用于脑电解码中，提升编解码能力；(3) 临床试验持续推进：多款侵入式脑机接口进入临床试验，目前全球已开展70 多例临床试验；(4) 应用领域“多点开花”：医疗应用从运动与语言修复、肌萎缩侧索硬化等罕见病的治疗，扩展到抑郁症等常见神经精神疾病，非侵入式脑机接口已经应用于疲劳驾驶检测、游戏娱乐等生产生活中；(5) 产业快速发展：产值增长迅速，企业研发活跃。未来，脑机接口成本将大幅下降，实现大脑与机器的双向交互，为医疗、教育与娱乐等众多领域带来变革。
通讯作者：张 旭 , Email:xu.zhang@gdiist.cn
Abstract:
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide cutting-edge tools for exploration of brain functions and treatments of brain diseases. In 2024, the BCI field entered a period of technological explosion, which is specifically manifested in the following aspects. (1) Strengthened funding both domestically and internationally. In comparison, the United States focuses on the development of electrodes and chips, as well as their applications in healthcare and defense; the European Union emphasizes the development of related materials and applications in scientific research; and China has made comprehensive deployments of BCIs as a future industry. (2) Iterative upgrades of related technologies. New types of interfaces, electrodes, and other hardware have been successively developed, and large models have been applied to brain signal decoding, enhancing the encoding and decoding capabilities. (3) Continuous advancement of clinical trials. Multiple invasive BCIs have entered clinical trials, and currently, more than 70 clinical trials have been conducted worldwide. (4) A wide range of emerging application fields. The medical applications have expanded from the rehabilitation of movement and language, and the treatment of rare diseases such as the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, to the common neurological and psychiatric diseases such as the depression. Non-invasive BCIs have already been applied to fatigue driving detection, gaming and entertainment, etc. (5) Rapid development of the industry. The output value is growing rapidly, and the corporate R&D is active. In the future, the cost of BCIs will be significantly reduced, and the bidirectional interaction between the brain and machines will be achieved, bringing the transformative changes to many fields such as healthcare, education and entertainment.
Communication Author：ZHANG Xu , Email:xu.zhang@gdiist.cn
