《生命科学》 2024, 36(10): 1289-1304

气孔研究进展：从保卫细胞到光合作用

刘梦龙¹ , 魏　健¹ , 任姿蓉¹ , 张亚黎² , 王　愔^1,*

¹北京大学城市与环境学院生态研究中心，北京 100871 ²石河子大学农学院/ 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室，石河子 832003

摘　要：

气孔是由植物表皮上的一对保卫细胞所构成的微孔隙结构，是陆生植物与周围环境进行气体交换的最主要通道。气孔的运动和发育决定着气孔对于气体( 特别是二氧化碳和水汽) 的通导能力，进而影响植物的光合与生长。本综述首先回顾关于气孔运动和发育调控机制的研究，之后介绍气孔与光合作用相关的理论研究进展，最后对通过优化气孔性状提升植物光合速率、生物量与产量的重要成果进行概述，并对今后气孔研究的重要内容进行展望。

通讯作者：王　愔 , Email:wangyinpku@pku.edu.cn

Research progress of stomata: from guard cells to photosynthesis

LIU Meng-Long¹ , WEI Jian¹ , REN Zi-Rong¹ , ZHANG Ya-Li² , WANG Yin^1,*

¹Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China ²Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China

Abstract:

Stomata, composed by a pair of guard cells, are micropores on the epidermis of plants. They are serving as the primary channels for the gas-exchange of terrestrial plants. Both stomatal movement and development determine the ability of stomatal gas conductance (especially for carbon dioxide and water vapor), and thus affect plant photosynthesis and growth. This review first discusses the mechanisms of stomatal movement and development regulation, then introduces the advances in research on the relationship between stomata and photosynthesis. Furthermore, we summarize the research on optimizing stomatal traits to enhance plant photosynthetic rates and biomass or crop yield. Finally, we prospect the essential topics of stomatal research in the future.

Communication Author：WANG Yin , Email:wangyinpku@pku.edu.cn