《生命科学》 2024, 36(4): 554-560

奶牛肠源性乳腺炎发病机制及短链脂肪酸的防控作用

马莉花 , 马学虎 , 户春丽 , 马燕芬^*

宁夏大学动物科技学院，银川 750021

摘　要：

奶牛乳腺炎是一种影响奶牛群的疾病，严重制约着乳品行业的发展。通常情况下认为乳腺炎是由致病菌通过乳腺导管侵入乳腺引起的局部炎症，最近的研究发现奶牛的内源性“肠- 乳腺”轴在诱导乳腺炎中发挥同样重要作用，即肠源性乳腺炎。因此，靶向调控胃肠道，可能是防控“肠源性乳腺炎”的有效方法和途径。短链脂肪酸(SCFAs) 是具有维持胃肠道菌群稳态、恢复血乳屏障通透性、抑制乳腺炎症发展的一种新型膳食物质。选用SCFAs 靶向调控肠- 乳腺轴，可有效防治奶牛肠源性乳腺炎。该文就奶牛肠源性乳腺炎的发病机理及SCFAs 的防控作用进行综述，以期为奶牛肠源性乳腺炎的防治提供新的思路。

通讯作者：马燕芬 , Email:mayf@nxu.edu.cn

Pathogenesis of enterogenic mastitis in dairy cows and its prevention and control by short chain fatty acids

MA Li-Hua , MA Xue-Hu , HU Chun-Li , MA Yan-Fen^*

College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Abstract:

Dairy mastitis is a disease affecting dairy herds, which seriously restricts the development of dairy industry. Mastitis is generally considered to be a local inflammation caused by pathogenic bacteria invading the mammary gland through the mammary duct, and recent studies have found that the endogenous "gut-mammary gland" axis in dairy cows plays an equally important role in inducing mastitis, that is, enterogenous mastitis. Therefore, targeted regulation of gastrointestinal tract may be an effective way to prevent and control "enterogenous mastitis". Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a new dietary substance that can maintain gastrointestinal flora homeostasis, restore blood-milk barrier permeability, and inhibit the development of mammary gland inflammation. Targeting SCFAs to regulate the gut-mammary axis can effectively prevent and treat enterogenic mastitis in dairy cows. The pathogenesis of enterogenic mastitis in dairy cows and the prevention and control effects of SCFAs were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and control of enterogenous mastitis in dairy cows.

Communication Author：MA Yan-Fen , Email:mayf@nxu.edu.cn