《生命科学》 2024, 36(4): 499-508

基于肠道菌群探讨营养干预2型糖尿病的研究进展

王蕊蕊¹ , 党冬梅^1,2,*

¹延安大学医学院，延安 716000 ²延安大学医学院病原生物学教研室，延安 716000

摘　要：

2 型糖尿病(T2DM) 发病机制复杂，由多方面因素共同作用形成，以持续性高血糖为主要特征。肠道微生物群是人体肠道内由细菌、古菌、病毒和真核微生物等组成的庞大系统，参与并影响机体的物质和能量代谢。研究发现，肠道菌群可通过影响短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、支链氨基酸、脂多糖等间接导致胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素敏感性降低，影响T2DM 的发生发展。而营养干预是治疗糖尿病的基础手段，可有效调节肠道菌群平衡使之维持稳态，间接调节胰岛素的生成，有效改善血糖。本文综述了肠道菌群在T2DM 发生发展中的作用机制，分析营养干预肠道菌群改善T2DM 的研究进展，以期为通过调控肠道菌群治疗T2DM提供新思路，为精准的个性化营养干预提供参考。

通讯作者：党冬梅 , Email:ddmyp5486@163.com

Research progress on nutrition intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus based on intestinal flora

WANG Rui-Rui¹ , DANG Dong-Mei^1,2,*

¹School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China ²Pathogenic Biology Teaching and Research Office, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China

Abstract:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is mainly characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, influenced by many risk factors. Intestinal microbiota is a huge system, composed of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotic microbes in human intestinal tract, which participates in and affects material and energy metabolism. Studies have shown that intestinal flora can indirectly cause insulin resistance and reduce insulin sensitivity by affecting shortchain fatty acids, bile acids, branched-chain amino acids, lipopolysaccharides, etc., thus affecting the occurrence and development of T2DM. Nutrition intervention is the basic method for treating diabetes, which can effectively regulate the balance of intestinal flora to maintain homeostasis, indirectly regulate the production of insulin, and effectively improve blood sugar. This article reviews the pathogenesis of T2DM, and analyzes the research progress of intestinal flora intervention by nutrition to improve T2DM, aiming to provide new ideas for treating T2DM through regulating intestinal flora, and to provide a reference for precise personalized nutrition intervention.

Communication Author：DANG Dong-Mei , Email:ddmyp5486@163.com